春节由来及元宵节的由来(英文)

Posted 2023-04-22

最好带翻译.

1、中国农历年的岁首称为春节。是中国人民最隆重的传统节日，也象征团结、兴旺，对未来寄托新的希望的佳节。据记载，中国人民过春节已有4千多年的历史，它是由虞舜兴起的。

The first year of the Chinese lunar year is called the Spring Festival. It is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese people. It also symbolizes the festival of unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. According to records, the Chinese people's Spring Festival has a history of more than 4,000 years. It was started by Yu Shun.

公元前两千多年的一天，舜即天子位，带领着部下人员，祭拜天地。从此，人们就把这一天当作岁首，算是正月初一。据说这就是农历新年的由来，后来叫春节。春节过去也叫元旦。春节所在的这一月叫元月。

One day more than 2,000 B.C., Shun, the emperor of heaven, led his subordinates to worship heaven and earth. From then on, people regard this day as the first year of the year, which is the first day of the first month of the first lunar month. It is said that this is the origin of the Lunar New Year, later called the Spring Festival. Spring Festival used to be called New Year's Day. The month in which the Spring Festival is held is called January.

其它的说法还有如春节源自腊祭、春节源自巫术仪式、春节源自鬼节的等等。

Others say that the Spring Festival originates from the La Festival, the Spring Festival originates from the witchcraft ceremony, and the Spring Festival originates from the ghost festival and so on.

2、元宵节最早起源于汉朝，到了唐代开始重视起来了，到宋代更加重视元宵节。中国民间传统是要在明月高悬的元宵节夜晚，人们观花灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵，合家团聚，其乐融融。

The Lantern Festival originated in the Han Dynasty at the earliest. It began to be valued in the Tang Dynasty and paid more attention to the Lantern Festival in the Song Dynasty. Chinese folk tradition is to watch lanterns, guess lantern riddles, eat Lantern Festival, family reunion, happy and harmonious on the night of Lantern Festival with a bright moon hanging high.

参考技术A 农历正月十五夜，是我国民间传统的元宵节，又称“上元节”、“灯节”。正月十五闹元宵，将从除夕开始延续的庆祝活动推向又一个高潮。元宵之夜，大街小巷张灯结彩，人们赏灯，猜灯谜，吃元宵，成为世代相沿的习俗。

元宵节赏灯的习俗始于汉朝。隋唐时发展成盛大的灯市。到宋元时期，京都灯市常常绵延数十里。灯会的时间，汉朝只限于正月十五一夜，唐玄宗延长到三夜，到明朝规定从正月初八一直持续到正月十七。唐朝灯会中出现了杂耍技艺，宋代开始有灯谜。唐代的灯市还出现乐舞百戏表演，成千上万的宫女、民间少女在灯火下载歌载舞，叫做“行歌”、“踏歌”。明朝又增加了戏曲表演。灯市所用的彩灯，也演绎出“橘灯”、“绢灯”、“五彩羊皮灯”、“无骨麦秸灯”、“走马灯”、“孔明灯”等等。始于南宋的灯谜，生动活泼，饶有风趣。经过历代发展创造，至今仍在使用的谜格有粉底格、秋千格、卷帘格、白头格、徐妃格、求凤格等100余种，大多有限定的格式和奇巧的要求，巧立名目，妙意横生。

元宵灯节期间，又是男女青年与情人相会的时机，所以元宵节又成了中国的“情人节”。
Lunar fifteenth day night, China's traditional Lantern Festival civil, also known as the "Spring Festival," "Festival of Lights." A Festive Lantern Festival 15th day of the first month, beginning on New Year's Eve will be to continue the celebration activities and an upsurge. Dynamism nights, decorated the streets, people Shangding, guess lantern riddles, eating Lantern Festival has become the custom for generations Xiangyan.

Lantern Festival Shangding began the custom of the Han dynasty. Sui and Tang dynasties, the development of a grand city lights. To the Song and Yuan Dynasties period, Kyoto often stretching dozens of lights in the city. Festival time, only the first month in the Han Dynasty Shiwuyi night Xuanzong extended to three nights, from the provisions of the Ming Dynasty to the first month Chuba continued until the 17th day of the first month. Tang spectacular acrobatic skills have emerged, began to riddle the Song Dynasty. Tang lights in the city 100 music and dance drama performances, and thousands of ladies, civil girls in the singing and dancing lights, called "line song," "Tage." Ming added opera performances. Used by the city lights of the lanterns, and formulated the "orange light", "silk lamps," "colorful sheepskin lights", "no bone straw lights," and "thrice", "release a Hung Ming lantern." Started in the Southern Song Dynasty riddles, lively, interesting sense of humor. After creating history, the mystery is still using a lattice grid foundation, swing grid, Rolling grid, remain a grid, and Xu Fei grid, and grid-feng, such as more than 100 species, mostly confined to the format and Yiqiao the requirements of reluctance , Miao Italian passengers.

During the Lantern Festival, is Valentine's young men and women meet with the timing, the Lantern Festival and become China's "Valentine's Day." 参考技术B 　春节，是农历的岁首，也是我国古老的传统节日。古代过“年”不是在腊月二十九日或三十日，而是在“蜡日”，即后来的“腊八”。南北朝以后，把“蜡祭”移至岁末。到了民国时 ，改用阳历，才把阴历年叫“春节”，因为春节一般都在“立春”前后。

　　春节是我国最盛大、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。俗称“过年”。按照我国农历，正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗称年初一，还有上日、正朝、三朔、三朝、三始、三元等别称，意即正月初一是年、月、日三者的开始。

　　春节，顾名思义就是春天的节日。春天来临，万象更新，新一轮播种和收获季节又要开始。 人们有足够的理由载歌载舞来迎接这个节日。于是，节前就在门脸上贴上红纸黄字的新年寄语。

　　春节的另一名称叫过年。“年”是什么呢？是一种为人们带来坏运气的想象中的动物。“年”一来。树木凋蔽，百草不生；“年”一“过”，万物生长，鲜花遍地。“年”如何才能过去呢？需用鞭炮轰 ，于是有了燃鞭炮的习俗。1993年，北京市人民政府颁布了禁放烟花爆竹的法律，使这一沿续了几百年的习俗成为历史。

　　春节是个亲人团聚的节日，这一点和西方的圣诞节很相似。离家的孩子这时要不远千里回到父母家里。真正过年的前一夜叫“除夕”，又叫“团圆夜”，“团年”。传统的庆祝活动则从除夕一直持续到正月十五元宵节。喜庆气氛要持续一个月。 正月初一前有祭灶、祭祖、 扫除污秽。三十日要贴门神、对联、挂旗、吃饺子、放鞭炮，除夕“守岁”等 仪 式；正月初一晚辈向长辈拜年，然后至亲友家贺年。亲友第一次见面时，说些“恭贺新喜”、“恭喜发财”、“恭喜”、“过年好”等话，互相祝贺。

　　1949年12月23日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府规定每年春节放假3天。春节——我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个古老传统节日。
Spring Festival, the Lunar New Year, living, but also China's oldest traditional festivals. The ancient "," not in the腊月29 30, but in the "wax on," then a "Laba." After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "wax Festival" moved to the end of the year. To the Republic of China, to switch to solar calendar before the lunar calendar, called the "Spring Festival", as the Spring Festival is generally in the "Beginning" before and after.

China's Spring Festival is the biggest, most popular of an ancient traditional festivals. Commonly known as the "New Year." According to China's Lunar New Year, the end of the day Originally known Yuanri, Yuan Chen, Yuan is, Yuanshuo, New Year's Day, commonly known as the Day, also the previous day, moving three Schomburg, three North Korea, the three before, such as ternary another name, that is, the first month first day is the year, month, day three start.

Spring Festival, the name implies that the spring holiday. The advent of spring, everything looks new and fresh, a new round of planting and harvesting seasons have begun. People have every reason to welcome this singing and dancing festival. Therefore, the pre-affixed to the door faces the Red Canvas Huang word New Year message.

Another named the Spring Festival holiday. "" What? Is a kind of bad luck for people's imagination in animals. "" First. Trees been languishing, not Baicao Health "," one "the" and everything is growing, flowers everywhere. "" How can the past? Preparing whip shelling, there was the custom of burning firecrackers. 1993, the Beijing Municipal People's Government promulgated a law to ban fireworks, so that this followed several hundred years of practices become history.

Spring Festival is a family reunion holiday, and this is very similar to the Western Christmas. Home when the children returned to their parents to Buyuanqianli home. The night before New Year's really called "New Year's Eve," is known as the "reunion night," "Mission in." The traditional New Year's Eve celebrations from the 15th day of the first month has been continued until the Lantern Festival. Mood to continued for a month. Jizao before the end of the day, the ancestors, wiping filthy. On the 30th to paste the door god, couplet, flags, eating dumplings, setting off firecrackers, the New Year's Eve "detainees" ceremony; the end of the day New Year's elders to younger people, and then to the family and friends of Chinese New Year. Relatives and friends that first meeting, saying "to congratulate the new-hi," "Kung Hei Fat Choy", "Congratulations" and "Happy New Year", congratulating each other.

December 23, 1949, the People's Republic of the Central People's Government provides an annual three-day Lunar New Year holiday. Spring Festival - China's civil grandest, the most boisterous of an ancient traditional festivals.

交换机的由来及原理

交换机的由来，要从以太网说起：

    以太网/LAN(local area network )：

    出现问题：
           信号传输距离有限；
    解决方案：
            中继器 - 放大电信号，延长信息的传输距离；
 
    中继器带来的问题：
        只有2个端口，连接设备少；
    解决方案：
        集线器 - 多端口的中继器，可以连接多个设备；
 
    集线器的问题：
        不同终端设备发送的信号，会产生冲突；

    针对信号冲突的缓解方案：
          CSMA/CD ，带有冲突检测的，载波侦听多路访问机制；
         引入新的设备 : 网桥(bridge) - 隔离冲突域；

    网桥问题：   
        网桥设备端口较少，只能连接2个设备；
     解决方案：
         引入新的设备：交换机 - 多端口的网桥，可以实现冲突域的隔离；

上述就是我们交换机的一个发展史。

交换机的工作原理：
    1、首先查看数据包的“目标 MAC 地址”；
    2、将目标 MAC 地址与“MAC地址表”中的条目进行匹配；
        成功，则从对应的端口转发出去；
        失败，则广播(从除入端口以外的其他所有端口发出去)；    
        
1、MAC地址啥样子？
           长度为48bit；
           通过16进制表示；
           结构：
              厂商代码 - 24bit
              自己的编码 - 24bit        
                      (每个生产厂商给自己生产的网卡的编号)
    数据包结构：                   
    源MAC -- 目标MAC
    源IP  -- 目标IP    
                         
2、MAC地址表啥样子？
          每个条目都是 MAC 地址与 Port的对应关系，
          表示去往该 MAC 地址的数据，从对应的 Port 发送出去；
        MAC表如何形成：
            静态配置；
            动态学习 -  
               1、当交换机在端口上收到数据包以后，首先查看

                源MAC地址，从而形成 源MAC 与 入端口的对应关系
               2、分析数据包的 目标MAC地址，并且查找 MAC地址表
                     -能找到对应的MAC条目，则在对应端口转发；
                     -如果找不到对应的条目，则广播；
    
3、两者如何匹配？
          显示 MAC 地址表  
           SW1# show mac-address-table  
    
4、MAC表的动态条目存活时间：
               300秒；