关于Linux下Redis自动化部署的一些笔记

Posted 2022-12-09 山河已无恙

写在前面

---

• 分享一些安装 redis 的笔记
• 博文内容涉及：
  • 通过源码编译和yum 安装 redis Demo
  • 通过二进制文件和systemd运行 redis 的配置方式
  • 服务管理，配置的文件的简单介绍
  • ansible redis 角色ansible-role-redis 编写
  • 通过 ansible 自动化安装
• 理解不足小伙伴帮忙指正

傍晚时分，你坐在屋檐下，看着天慢慢地黑下去，心里寂寞而凄凉，感到自己的生命被剥夺了。当时我是个年轻人，但我害怕这样生活下去，衰老下去。在我看来，这是比死亡更可怕的事。--------王小波

---

部署Redis服务

安装包下载： wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
--2022-10-02 00:36:22--  https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
.........
2022-10-02 00:36:24 (3.64 MB/s) - 已保存 “redis-stable.tar.gz” [3047785/3047785])

解压编译安装

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$tar -xzf redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$cd redis-stable/
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ls
00-RELEASENOTES     CONTRIBUTING.md  INSTALL    README.md   runtest-cluster    SECURITY.md    tests
BUGS                COPYING          Makefile   redis.conf  runtest-moduleapi  sentinel.conf  TLS.md
CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  deps             MANIFESTO  runtest     runtest-sentinel   src            utils

编译 Redis，切换到根目录，然后运行make：

如果编译成功，你会在src目录中找到几个 Redis 二进制文件，包括：

• redis-server : Redis 服务器本身
• redis-cli是与 Redis 对话的命令行界面实用程序。
  要在/usr/local/bin中安装这些二进制文件，请运行：make install

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make
cd src && make all
which: no python3 in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
    CC Makefile.dep
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
which: no python3 in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin)
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
    CC adlist.o
/bin/sh: cc: 未找到命令
make[1]: *** [adlist.o] 错误 127
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
make: *** [all] 错误 2
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$rpm -q gcc || yum -y install gcc

没有 gcc 包，需要安装一下

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make && make install
........
Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' '';)

    INSTALL redis-server
    INSTALL redis-benchmark
    INSTALL redis-cli
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/redis-stable/src”
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

初始化配置

配置服务运行参数 ./utils/install_server.sh 执行源码目录下的初始化脚本

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$./utils/install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

This systems seems to use systemd.
Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!

这里提示退出了，当前系统的引导进程使用的是 systemd所以，redis 不建议通过这样的方式初始化启动。

这里有两种解决办法：

• 需要把导致退出的这个状态码注释掉，脚本就可以顺利执行，通过二进制文件启动
• 使用推荐的 systemd 来管理 redis 服务，做成 Service unit ，通过 systemctl 来管理

当前，作为 Service unit 之后更方便管理，这里我们分别看下

二进制方式

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$vim ./utils/install_server.sh
#bail if this system is managed by systemd
_pid_1_exe="$(readlink -f /proc/1/exe)"
if [ "$_pid_1_exe##*/" = systemd ]
then
        echo "This systems seems to use systemd."
        echo "Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!"
        #exit 1

运行脚本，默认值即可

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$./utils/install_server.sh
Welcome to the redis service installer
This script will help you easily set up a running redis server

This systems seems to use systemd.
Please take a look at the provided example service unit files in this directory, and adapt and install them. Sorry!
Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379]
Selecting default: 6379
Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf]
Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf
Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log]
Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log
Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379]
Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379
Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server]
Selected config:
Port           : 6379
Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file       : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.
Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379
Installing service...
Successfully added to chkconfig!
Successfully added to runlevels 345!
Starting Redis server...
Installation successful!
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

生成的配置信息：

• 端口 6379
• 主配置文件 /etc/redis/6379.conf
• 日志文件 /var/log/redis_6379.log
• 数据库目录 /var/lib/redis/6379
• 服务启动程序 /usr/local/bin/redis-server
• 命令行连接命令 /usr/local/bin/redis-cli

Service unit 的方式

这里为了演示，我们换一台机器，下载解压安装包

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$wget https://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$tar -xzf redis-stable.tar.gz
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$cd redis-stable/

这里的话需要安装一个 systemd-devel 包，否则 Service 启动会报下面的错
systemd supervision requested or auto-detected, but Redis is compiled without libsystemd support!

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$yum -y install gcc
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$yum -y install systemd-devel 

编译移动二进制文件

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$make USE_SYSTEMD=yes  && make  install 

确认二进制文件

┌──[[e-mail]]-[/usr/local/bin]
└─$ll /usr/local/bin/redis*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  5198944 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-benchmark
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-check-aof -> redis-server
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-check-rdb -> redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  5416224 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-cli
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-sentinel -> redis-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11401800 10月 30 15:55 /usr/local/bin/redis-server
┌──[[e-mail]]-[/usr/local/bin]
└─$

从 安装包的里复制移动相关的单元文件和配置文件

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable/utils]
└─$mv systemd-redis_server.service  /etc/systemd/system/redis.service
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable/utils]
└─$cd ..
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$mkdir -p /etc/redis/
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cp redis.conf  /etc/redis/

然后需要修改一下单元文件,这里主要修改了-启动、停止超时时间，加载的redis配置文件位置，设置为守护进程

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl cat redis
# /etc/systemd/system/redis.service
# example systemd service unit file for redis-server
#
# In order to use this as a template for providing a redis service in your
# environment, _at the very least_ make sure to adapt the redis configuration
# file you intend to use as needed (make sure to set "supervised systemd"), and
# to set sane TimeoutStartSec and TimeoutStopSec property values in the unit's
# "[Service]" section to fit your needs.
#
# Some properties, such as User= and Group=, are highly desirable for virtually
# all deployments of redis, but cannot be provided in a manner that fits all
# expectable environments. Some of these properties have been commented out in
# this example service unit file, but you are highly encouraged to set them to
# fit your needs.
#
# Please refer to systemd.unit(5), systemd.service(5), and systemd.exec(5) for
# more information.

[Unit]
Description=Redis data structure server
Documentation=https://redis.io/documentation
#Before=your_application.service another_example_application.service
#AssertPathExists=/var/lib/redis
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf  --supervised systemd  --daemonize yes
## Alternatively, have redis-server load a configuration file:
#ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /path/to/your/redis.conf
LimitNOFILE=10032
NoNewPrivileges=yes
#OOMScoreAdjust=-900
#PrivateTmp=yes
Type=notify
TimeoutStartSec=30
TimeoutStopSec=30
UMask=0077
#User=redis
#Group=redis
#WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/redis

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

部分启动参数的意思

• supervised systemd -通过写入READY=1到$NOTIFY_SOCKET发送信号systemd
• --daemonize no -默认情况下，Redis不作为守护进程运行。如果需要，请使用yes。注意，当daemonized时，Redis将在/var/run/Redis.pid中写入一个pid文件。

如果之前启动过，修改配置文件需要重新 reload 一下配置文件

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl  daemon-reload
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl start redis
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl status redis
● redis.service - Redis data structure server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/redis.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-10-30 23:04:52 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: https://redis.io/documentation
 Main PID: 15816 (redis-server)
   Status: "Ready to accept connections"
   CGroup: /system.slice/redis.service
           └─15816 /usr/local/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
..............

这两种方式我们直接使用 root 来运行的，一般生产环境，出于安全考虑，一般使用 redis 用户来运行

管理redis 服务

二进制文件方式

查看进程和端口

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ss -nutlp | grep redis
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6379                  *:*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=10800,fd=6))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128     ::1:6379                 :::*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=10800,fd=7))
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ps -C  redis-server
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
 10800 ?        00:00:00 redis-server
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$netstat  -utnlp | grep :6379
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      10800/redis-server
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6379                :::*                    LISTEN      10800/redis-server

停止 redis

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  stop
Stopping ...
Redis stopped
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$netstat  -utnlp | grep :6379

启动 redis

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
Starting Redis server...
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ps -C  redis-server
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
 10842 ?        00:00:00 redis-server
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

Service unit的方式

查看下进程端口相关信息

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$ss -nutpl | grep redis
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:6379                  *:*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=15896,fd=6))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128     ::1:6379                 :::*                   users:(("redis-server",pid=15896,fd=7))
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat /var/run/redis_6379.pid
15816
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$pgrep redis
15816

设置开启自启

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl enable redis --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/redis.service to /etc/systemd/system/redis.service.
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

停止服务

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl stop redis.service
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$systemctl status redis.service
● redis.service - Redis data structure server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/redis.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since 日 2022-10-30 23:35:57 CST; 14s ago
     Docs: https://redis.io/documentation
  Process: 15816 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf --supervised systemd --daemonize yes (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 15816 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Saving the final RDB snapshot"
.....

连接 redis 服务

查看版本

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-server -v
Redis server v=7.0.5 sha=00000000:0 malloc=libc bits=64 build=7b7dd95daaafae1
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

命令行客户端使用

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379>
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

远程连接

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli -h 192.168.26.153 -p 6350 -a liruilong
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.26.153:6350> GET *
(nil)
192.168.26.153:6350>

配置文件解析

常用的配置设置

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$
bind 127.0.0.1 -::1 # 运行监听的IP地址
port 6379  #端口
daemonize yes #是否守护进程
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid # PID 文件位置
loglevel notice #日志级别
logfile /var/log/redis_6379.log #日志位置
databases 16  #数据库个数
maxclients 10000 #客户端最大连接数
dir /var/lib/redis/6379 # 数据库位置
requirepass foobared #连接需要的密码
protected-mode yes #是否为保护模式
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

在默认配置中，Redis 6之后支持 ACL配置，感兴趣小伙伴可以了解下，原来的密码作为默认用户的密码。下面为命令行的一些配置，当然也可以通过配置文件来配置

192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong off resetchannels -@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong on
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong +@all
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong on resetchannels +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350> acl setuser liruilong >liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350> auth liruilong liruilong
OK
192.168.26.153:6350>  acl list
1) "user default on sanitize-payload #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 ~* &* +@all"
2) "user liruilong on #269028aedd888ab588d32aae3061d3d083d4c3d85ccdc3f4c51c5a0f8a53f4e4 resetchannels +@all"
192.168.26.153:6350>

外部连接redis ，需要更改监听接口，默认情况下 redis 开启了保护模式，只监听本地的回环地址，这里需要修改为网卡地址

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379 stop
Stopping ...
Redis stopped
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$sed 's/bind 127.0.0.1/bind 192.168.26.153/g' /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep bind
# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1     # listens on two specific IPv4 addresses
# bind 192.168.26.153 ::1              # listens on loopback IPv4 and IPv6
# bind * -::*                     # like the default, all available interfaces
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the
bind 192.168.26.153 -::1
# Using bind-source-addr it is possible to configure a specific address to bind
# bind-source-addr 10.0.0.1
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$sed 's/bind 127.0.0.1/bind 192.168.26.153/g' /etc/redis/6379.conf -i
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

外网访问，建议修改默认端口

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$sed 's/^port 6379/port 6350/g' /etc/redis/6350.conf | grep "port 6"
port 6350
# tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-tls-port 6379
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$sed 's/^port 6379/port 6350/g' /etc/redis/6350.conf -i
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$

添加密码

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$sed '/^# requirepass/c requirepass liruilong' /etc/redis/6350.conf  | grep -i 'requirepass'
# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility
# The requirepass is not compatible with aclfile option and the ACL LOAD
# command, these will cause requirepass to be ignored.
requirepass liruilong
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$sed -i '/^# requirepass/c requirepass liruilong' /etc/redis/6350.conf  | grep -i 'requirepass'
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$

重启服务做简单测试,有的时候，我们直接 kill 调进程，作为守护进程， redis 的进程ID 依然存在

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
/var/run/redis_6379.pid exists, process is already running or crashed
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$cat  /var/run/redis_6379.pid
10941
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$rm -rf /var/run/redis_6379.pid

需要删除进程IP文件之后重新启动

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  start
Starting Redis server...
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$/etc/init.d/redis_6379  status
Redis is running (11179)
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$

在156 机器上测试

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$redis-cli -h 192.168.26.153 -p 6350 -a liruilong
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
192.168.26.153:6350> GET *
(nil)
192.168.26.153:6350>

涉及内存配置

优化内存策略

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat -n /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -A 15 -m 8 maxmemory
#从物理内存中划分多少内存给redis使用，
#这里没有指定，则代表将本机的所有物理内存交给redis去使用；
  1120  # maxmemory <bytes>

#maxmemory-policy 定义当内存空间不足时，删除已存储数据的方式，
#策略为 noeviction，即，即使内存使用完了，也不删除已存储的数据
  1149  # maxmemory-policy noeviction

#当使用lru，lfu，ttl 策略时，需要指定key模板的个数，
#默认值为5会产生足够好的结果。10非常接近真实的LRU，但CPU成本更高。3更快，但不是很准确。  
  1160  # maxmemory-samples 5

#逐出处理设计为在默认设置下运行良好。
#如果写入流量异常大，则可能需要增加值。降低此值可能会降低延迟，但有被逐出的风险处理有效性
#0=最小延迟，10=默认值，100=不考虑延迟的过程
  1168  # maxmemory-eviction-tenacity 10
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

内存淘汰策略

maxmemory-policy 配置在内存不足的时候，删除已经存在的数据，对应的删除策略：

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$cat -n /etc/redis/6379.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -A 10 MAXMEMORY
  1122  # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
  1123  # is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:
  1124  #
  1125  # volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.
  1126  # allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
  1127  # volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.
  1128  # allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
  1129  # volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.
  1130  # allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
  1131  # volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
  1132  # noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
┌──[[e-mail]]-[~/redis-stable]
└─$

具体的描述

• volatile-lru -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，删除最近最少使用的key,用于存放新的key;
• allkeys-lru -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，删除最近最少使用的key,用于存放新的key;
• volatile-lfu -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，删除使用频率最少的key,用于存放新的key;
• allkeys-lfu -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，删除使用频率最少的key,用于存放新的key;
• volatile-random -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在设置了TTL过期时间的变量中选择，随机删除key,用于存放新的key;
• allkeys-random -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，则会在所有的变量中选择，随机删除key,用于存放新的key;
• volatile-ttl -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，删除最近过期的key;
• noeviction -> 向redis中存入数据时，数据已满，显示报错提示；

自动化部署 ansible Redis 角色编写

初始化一个角色

┌──[[e-mail]]-[~]
└─$ansible-galaxy init  ansible-role-redis --init-path=roles
- Role ansible-role-redis was created successfully
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