蓝桥杯扩展板模块（基于新版STM32G431）——ADC按键

Posted 2022-12-07 FILWY_M

tags:

篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了蓝桥杯扩展板模块（基于新版STM32G431）——ADC按键相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

蓝桥杯扩展板模块（基于新版STM32G431）——ADC按键

一、ADC按键原理

如上原理图所示，也是经过学习这个扩展板我才知道原来还有这么巧妙的方法。原理其实很简单，就是一个电阻分压而已，不同的按键按下，电阻就变了，所以检测得到的电压也就不一样，通过检测得到的电压来判断到底是哪一个按键被按下。
这种电路的优点就是很节省IO口，只需要一个IO口就可以检测这么多按键。但是缺点就是受硬件影响比较大，不同的板子，电阻也略有不同，检测得到的电压也有不同，还有一个问题就是不支持多个按键同时触发，如果多个按键同时触发就会产生混乱。

经过我的测试不同的按键按下ADC的值如下，（仅供参考，因为不同的板子会有一些不一样）：

按键	Value
无	4039
KEY1	5
KEY2	541
KEY3	1145
KEY4	1740
KEY5	2350
KEY6	2855
KEY7	3471
KEY8	3936

在检测哪一个按键被按下的时候，就通过判断adc的值的区间就行了。

二、CubeMx的配置

把ADC DMA中断关闭了，否则会一直进入中断打断cpu的执行。

三、主要代码

完整main.c代码：
在程序中，定时器4是1ms产生一次中断，每10ms扫描一次按键的状态（消抖）。
关于ADC 按键的部分，首先要开始ADC DMAHAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc2,(uint32_t*)&adc_key_value,1);，这样ADC的实时的值将会被放在adc_key_value里面，在ADC按键扫描程序adc_key_scan()里面我们使用的是三行按键扫描的方法，这个不懂的在我之前的博客里面有。

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t led_tick = 0;
_Bool led_flag = 0;

uint8_t key_tick = 0;

uint16_t adc_key_value;
uint8_t adc_key_tick = 0;
_Bool adc_key_flag;

uint8_t lcd_str[20];
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
void led_proc(void);
void key_scan(void);
void adc_key_scan(void);
/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_DMA_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  MX_ADC2_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	
	LCD_Init();
	
	led_init();
	
	HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim4);
	
	HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc2,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);
	
	HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(&hadc2,(uint32_t*)&adc_key_value,1);
	
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
	
	LCD_Clear(Blue);
	LCD_SetBackColor(Blue);
	LCD_SetTextColor(White);
	
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line0, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line1, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line2, (uint8_t *)"      LCD Test      ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line3, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line4, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	
	LCD_SetBackColor(White);
	LCD_SetTextColor(Blue);

	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line5, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line6, (uint8_t *)"       HAL LIB      ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line7, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line8, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line9, (uint8_t *)"                    ");
	
  while (1)
  
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		led_proc();
  
  /* USER CODE END 3 */


/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)

  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = 0;
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = 0;
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = 0;

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV3;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  
    Error_Handler();
  
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK)
  
    Error_Handler();
  
  /** Initializes the peripherals clocks
  */
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC12;
  PeriphClkInit.Adc12ClockSelection = RCC_ADC12CLKSOURCE_SYSCLK;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  
    Error_Handler();
  


/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void key_scan(void)

	key_refresh();
	if(key_falling == B1)
	
		led_toggle(LD5);
	
	else if(key_falling == B2)
	
		led_toggle(LD6);
	
	else if(key_falling == B3)
	
		led_toggle(LD7);
	
	else if(key_falling == B4)
	
		led_toggle(LD8);
	


void led_proc(void)

	if(led_flag)
	
		led_flag = 0;
//		led_toggle(LD1);
	


void adc_key_scan(void)

	static uint8_t adc_key_falling = 0;
	static uint8_t adc_key_state = 0;
	uint8_t adc_key_temp = 0x00;
	if(adc_key_value < 300)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x01;
	else if(adc_key_value < 800)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x02;
	else if(adc_key_value < 1500)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x04;
	else if(adc_key_value < 2000)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x08;
	else if(adc_key_value < 2500)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x10;
	else if(adc_key_value < 3200)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x20;
	else if(adc_key_value < 3500)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x40;
	else if(adc_key_value < 4000)
		adc_key_temp |= 0x80;
	adc_key_falling = adc_key_temp & (adc_key_state ^ adc_key_temp);
	adc_key_state = adc_key_temp;
	memset(lcd_str,0,sizeof(lcd_str));
	sprintf((char*)lcd_str,"Value:%d     ",adc_key_value);
	LCD_DisplayStringLine(Line8, lcd_str);
	if(adc_key_falling == 0x01)
	
		led_toggle(LD1);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x02)
	
		led_toggle(LD2);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x04)
	
		led_toggle(LD3);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x08)
	
		led_toggle(LD4);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x10)
	
		led_toggle(LD5);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x20)
	
		led_toggle(LD6);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x40)
	
		led_toggle(LD7);
	
	else if(adc_key_falling == 0x80)
	
		led_toggle(LD8);
	


void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)

	if(htim->Instance == TIM4)
	
		if(++led_tick == 1000)
		
			led_tick = 0;
			led_flag = 1;
		
		if(++key_tick == 10)
		
			key_tick = 0;
			key_scan();
		
		if(++adc_key_tick == 10)
		
			adc_key_tick = 0;
			adc_key_scan();
		
	

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */


#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\\r\\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */

#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

代码使用说明，一定要看

完整代码下载点我

以上是关于蓝桥杯扩展板模块（基于新版STM32G431）——ADC按键的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章

蓝桥杯扩展板模块（基于新版STM32G431）——数码管

第九届蓝桥杯嵌入式国赛（STM32G4与HAL库实现）

蓝桥杯嵌入式——第十二届蓝桥杯嵌入式国赛