Windows UEFI 转 BIOS 操作流程

Posted 2022-12-06 Carlton Xu

1. 将UEFI类型卷挂载到linux操作系统

windows 2008、windows2016 均通过测试可行，其他操作系统版本待测试。(阿里云平台测试通过)

1.2. GPT转MBR操作

### 源GPT分区信息

[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdd: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  473MB   472MB   ntfs         Basic data partition          hidden, diag
 2      473MB   578MB   105MB   fat32        EFI system partition          boot
 3      578MB   595MB   16.8MB               Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 4      595MB   42.9GB  42.4GB  ntfs         Basic data partition

1.2.1 执行转换动作

注意：第一个启动分区，一般为fat32，需要格式化为ntfs分区，并且将第一个启动分区Code更改为0700标准的Basic data partition，并添加boot flag，需要通过fdisk t 来修改分区的type code为07

gdisk指令需要安装包，yum install -y gdisk

[root@centos7-transfer ~]# gdisk /dev/vdd
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

The protective MBR's 0xEE partition is oversized! Auto-repairing.

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/vdd: 83886080 sectors, 40.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 7C6851BB-9502-4194-A24F-14D52C03AAE8
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 83886046
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 4029 sectors (2.0 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048          923647   450.0 MiB   2700  Basic data partition
   2          923648         1128447   100.0 MiB   EF00  EFI system partition
   3         1128448         1161215   16.0 MiB    0C01  Microsoft reserved ...
   4         1161216        83884031   39.4 GiB    0700  Basic data partition

Command (? for help): r

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): g

MBR command (? for help): ?
a	toggle the active/boot flag
c	recompute all CHS values
l	set partition as logical
o	omit partition
p	print the MBR partition table
q	quit without saving changes
r	set partition as primary
s	sort MBR partitions
t	change partition type code
w	write the MBR partition table to disk and exit

MBR command (? for help): a
Toggle active flag for partition: 1

MBR command (? for help): w

Converted 4 partitions. Finalize and exit? (Y/N): y
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.

[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdd: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  473MB   472MB   primary  ntfs         boot, diag
 2      473MB   578MB   105MB   primary  fat32
 3      578MB   595MB   16.8MB  primary               lba
 4      595MB   42.9GB  42.4GB  primary  ntfs

1.2.2. 删除多余分区（ESP、EFI）

删除第一个启动分区的diag隐藏分区flags

[root@centos7-transfer ~]# mkfs.ntfs /dev/vdb1   # 需要安装ntfsprogs包才可以
[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd -s rm 2
[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd -s rm 3
[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd -s toggle 1 diag
[root@centos7-transfer ~]# parted /dev/vdd print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdd: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  473MB   472MB   primary  ntfs         boot
 4      595MB   42.9GB  42.4GB  primary  ntfs

1.2.3. 目录扫描修复

# ntfsfix /dev/vdd1
# ntfsfix /dev/vdd4

1.2.4. 执行驱动适配

驱动适配动作可以放到同架构windows下进行

（1）拷贝驱动文件到指定目录下。

（2）使用reg load指令加载bcd

（3）reg add指令添加所需驱动文件及注册表。

# minitgt-fix /dev/vdd

2. 挂载卷到windows机器进行bcd修复

2.1. 创建启动文件

从系统分区模版拷贝bcd启动镜像到指定boot分区

bcdboot e:\\windows /s d:     # bcdboot <windows系统分区> /s <Boot分区>

2.2. 修复启动配置数据

查看bcd启动配置数据

# bcdedit /store <Boot partition>:\\boot\\bcd /enum

执行磁盘主引导mbr分区修复

目标发现阿里云的windows 2008 R2 英文版本没有bootsect程序指令，需要进行移植使用，bootsect没有以来库文件，可以提前保存在迁移的环境中，检查如果修复的windows 没有此指令，就copy上使用，默认指令在 C:\\windows\\system32\\ 目录下

bootsect /nt60 d: /mbr    # bootsect /nt60 <Boot partition>: /mbr

需要重建MBR主引导才可以正常启动