Android 从源码的角度带你完全解析AsyncTask

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AsyncTask()解析(6.0)

    public AsyncTask() 
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() 
            public Result call() throws Exception 
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
            
        ;

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) 
            @Override
            protected void done() 
                try 
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                 catch (InterruptedException e) 
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                 catch (ExecutionException e) 
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",e.getCause());
                 catch (CancellationException e) 
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                
            
        ;
    

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> 
        Params[] mParams;
    

这一步初始化了一个Callable子类的WorkerRunnable对象和一个FutureTask对象,然后就没有然后了。AsyncTask的精华都在execute()。当然,等下还要回来分析这里的代码,暂时先跳过。

AsyncTask#execute()解析

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) 
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    

execute()内部只是调用了executeOnExecutor(),并指定了第一个参数sDefaultExecutor。剧透下:sDefaultExecutor就是AsyncTask串行执行的原因,后面会详细讲这个。先跟进executeOnExecutor()。

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) 
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) 
            switch (mStatus) 
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            
        
        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
        onPreExecute();
        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);
        return this;
    

首先对任务状态的判断,这里体现了同一个AsyncTask不能多次调用execute()方法,否则会报异常的原因。也就意味着即将被执行的任务只能处于等待(PENDING)状态。之后改变任务的状态为运行中(RUNNING),之后调用onPreExecute(),这个方法是AsyncTask暴露给子类的方法,一般在此方法中做一些准备工作,例如显示个进度条。之后调用sDefaultExecutor.execute(mFuture)。在AsyncTask()中已经出现过mFuture,mFuture初始化的时候传进来的是Callable的子类WorkerRunnable的对象。是时候回头仔细看下mWorker这个对象了。

    mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() 
        public Result call() throws Exception 
            mTaskInvoked.set(true);
            Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
            return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
        
    ;

首先将标志位mTaskInvoked设置为true,之后设置线程优先级为后台线程。然后调用doInBackground(),doInBackground()是个抽象方法,子类必须实现。一般我们在此方法中调用耗时操作,例如:下载文件。之后将返回的参数Result当做参数传递给postResult。跟进。

    private Result postResult(Result result) 
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    

    private static InternalHandler sHandler;
    private static Handler getHandler() 
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) 
            if (sHandler == null) 
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            
            return sHandler;
        
    

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler 
        public InternalHandler() 
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType")
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) 
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) 
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            
        
    

注意下这里的sHandler是个静态成员变量,而且,获取单例的时候,传递的是MainLooper。这也就意味着从子线程到主线程的切换,即InternalHandler#handleMessage()会在主线程调用。InternalHandler收到MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息之后调用AsyncTask#finish()。跟进。

    private void finish(Result result) 
        if (isCancelled()) 
            onCancelled(result);
         else 
            onPostExecute(result);
        
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    

一般认为AsyncTash暴露出来四个方法给子类调用:onPreExecute()、doInBackground()、onProgressUpdate()、onPostExecute()。其实还有个不常用的方法onCancelled(String result)及重载方法onCancelled()。在这里首先会判断是否已经取消了这个任务,如果已经取消,执行onCancelled(),否则执行onPostExecute()。这里也能体现一个道理,就算调用task.cancel(true)取消任务,实际上任务还是在执行的,只是得不到进度及最后的通知回调。一般在onPostExecute()方法中做一些收尾工作,比如:隐藏加载动画。之后,将任务的状态设置成结束状态(FINISHED)。分析到这里,似乎没有看见更新进度onProgressUpdate()的调用。这是因为手动调用publishProgress()之后才会调用onProgressUpdate()方法。跟进。

    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) 
        if (!isCancelled()) 
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        
    
    ...
    case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
        result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
        break;

如果没有取消任务,则切换到主线程执行onProgressUpdate()。到这里,AsyncTask五个子类方法调用流程就解析完成了。

AsyncTask高级解析

串行是怎么实现的?

刚开始,这个问题也迷惑了我一会儿。因为每次都是新建一个AsyncTask对象,讲道理应该是并行的。知道我看见了SerialExecutor的修饰词static。

sDefaultExecutor强引用了SerialExecutor的静态实例SERIAL_EXECUTOR。跟进SerialExecutor。

    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor 
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) 
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() 
                public void run() 
                    try 
                        r.run();
                     finally 
                        scheduleNext();
                    
                
            );
            if (mActive == null) 
                scheduleNext();
            
        

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() 
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) 
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            
        
    

这段代码蛮有意思的。SerialExecutor内部使用了一个队列来存储所有的任务,调用execute()方法会将传递进来的Runnable对象包装之后加入mTasks队列,这里是个什么设计模式来着,很熟悉,一下想不起来了。现在一步步分析这段代码。

  1. 第一次调用SerialExecutor#execute()

    先将Runnable对象加入队列,然后判断当前任务对象mActive(肯定为null,即会调用scheduleNext()方法)。

  2. 第n(n>1)次调用SerialExecutor#execute()

    1. 当前任务对象mActive不为null,只将Runnable对象加入队列。
    2. 当前任务对象mActive为null,同理。

综上,无论第几次调用在SerialExecutor#execute(),scheduleNext()最多只有一个入口。在scheduleNext()中,首先从任务队列mTask中取出一个任务,如果不为空,则将当前任务对象mActive添加进线程池执行。前面说过,mActive对真正的Runnable进行了包装,内部调用Runnable#run之后再次调用scheduleNext()。正是这种递归的形式导致了AsyncTask的串行。那么有没有办法并行的?当然有。

AsyncTask并行操作

通过上述分析,可以发现:AsyncTask的并行主要是因为SerialExecutor在作怪。实际上在executeOnExecutor()中,可以传递自定义的Executor实现并行操作。AsyncTask提供了一个THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR串行执行任务,实际上,这个THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR是支持并行的。也就是说我们只要调用

new MyAsyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, param);

这样就能实现并行操作。当然,也可以传入自定义的Executor。那么问题来了:既然AsyncTask可以实现并行操作,为什么还要才去串行这种方式?在并行操作时,当任务过多的时候,AsyncTask会出现 AsyncTask的成员函数doInBackground调用不及时,出现delay的情况。即doInBackground没有在onPreExecute调用后立即被执行。因此还是不建议使用并行这种方式。

AsyncTask源码中文注释解析

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> 
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
    // 当前的cpu核心数
    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // 线程池核心容量
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
    // 线程池最大容量
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    // 存活时间
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;

    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() 
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) 
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        
    ;

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    // 静态并发线程池,可以用来并行执行任务
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
            = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);

    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
    // 默认任务执行者,串行
    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    // 持有MainLooper的Handler
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;
    // Callable子类
    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    // 在mWorker执行完成后,实现具体的逻辑
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
    // 线程默认等待执行状态
    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
    // 是否被取消
    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    // 是否被调用
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
    // 串行执行者 ps:AsyncTask的精华就在这里
    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor 
        // 存放等待执行任务的队列
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        // 当前正在执行的任务
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) 
            // 将任务插入等待队列,并且在真正调用逻辑代码之后调用scheduleNext()实现串行
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() 
                public void run() 
                    try 
                        // 执行任务
                        r.run();
                     finally 
                        scheduleNext();
                    
                
            );
            // 串行的入口
            if (mActive == null) 
                scheduleNext();
            
        

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() 
            // 从任务队列中取出任务
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) 
                // 执行一个任务
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            
        
    

    public enum Status 
        // 等待执行
        PENDING,
        // 正在执行
        RUNNING,
        // 执行结束
        FINISHED,
    

    private static Handler getHandler() 
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) 
            if (sHandler == null) 
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            
            return sHandler;
        
    

    /** @hide */
    public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) 
        sDefaultExecutor = exec;
    

    public AsyncTask() 
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() 
            public Result call() throws Exception 
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                // 调用doInBackground()方法
                Result result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                // 通过Handler调用onPostExecute()或者onCancelled()
                return postResult(result);
            
        ;

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) 
            @Override
            protected void done() 
                try 
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                 catch (InterruptedException e) 
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                 catch (ExecutionException e) 
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                 catch (CancellationException e) 
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                
            
        ;
    

    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) 
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) 
            postResult(result);
        
    

    // 通过Handler调用onPostExecute()或者onCancelled()
    private Result postResult(Result result) 
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    

    // 获取任务执行状态。等待(PENDING),正在执行(RUNNING),结束(FINISHED)
    public final Status getStatus() 
        return mStatus;
    
    // 在子线程中调用。抽象方法,子类必须实现。
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
    // 主线程调用,子类可选择是否实现
    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() 
    
    // 主线程调用,任务执行完毕后调用,子类可选择是否实现
    @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) 
    
    // 主线程调用,更新进度,子类可选择是否实现
    @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
    @MainThread
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) 
    
    // 取消任务,调用task.cancel(true)后会调用
    @SuppressWarnings("UnusedParameters")
    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) 
        onCancelled();
        

    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled() 
    

    public final boolean isCancelled() 
        return mCancelled.get();
    


    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) 
        mCancelled.set(true);
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    

    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException 
        return mFuture.get();
    

    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
            ExecutionException, TimeoutException 
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    
    // 执行任务
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) 
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    
    // 真正执行任务的地方(划重点)
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) 
        // 验证任务执行状态,防止execute()被多次调用
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) 
            switch (mStatus) 
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            
        
        // 将任务状态从等待变为正在运行
        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
        // 调用暴露出来的初始化方法
        onPreExecute();
        // 获取参数
        mWorker.mParams = params;
        // 执行者执行任务
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    

    @MainThread
    public static void execute(Runnable runnable) 
        sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
    
    // 一般在doInBackground()中调用,内部通过Hanlder调用onProgressUpdate()实现更新UI
    @WorkerThread
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) 
        if (!isCancelled()) 
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        
    
    // 结束任务,在Hanlder中调用
    private void finish(Result result) 
        // 判断任务是否被取消
        if (isCancelled()) 
            // 执行暴露的取消方法
            onCancelled(result);
         else 
            // 执行暴露的执行完毕方法
            onPostExecute(result);
        
        // 更改任务状态为结束
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler 
        public InternalHandler() 
            // 传递的是主线程的Looper(划重点)
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType")
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) 
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) 
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    // 结束任务
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    // 更新进度
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            
        
    

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> 
        Params[] mParams;
    

    @SuppressWarnings("RawUseOfParameterizedType")
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> 
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) 
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        
    


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