基于webmagic的爬虫小应用--爬取知乎用户信息
Posted antgan
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最近跟舍友@小疯一起研究爬虫
他写了个小应用-CSDN博客爬虫 有兴趣的朋友可以点进去看看哦~
一起学习。
一起进步。
想要源代码的朋友点击这里下载哦~
听到“爬虫”,是不是第一时间想到python/php ? 多少想玩爬虫的java学习者就因为语言不通而止步。Java是真的不能做爬虫吗?
当然不是。
只不过python的3行代码能解决的问题,而Java要30行。
这里推荐大家一个大牛做的java爬虫框架 【WebMagic】
文档简单易懂!java爬虫开发的福利啊!
一起来动手做一个小应用吧!
爬虫小应用–知乎用户信息
爬虫思想有3步
1. 抽取目标链接
2. 抽取需要的信息
3. 处理数据
一、 抽取目标链接 (确定入口地址,这里的入口是https://www.zhihu.com/search?type=people&q=java)
接下来查看html结构,确定待爬取的目标链接。(这里我的目标链接是【前10个用户的详细信息页面的url】)
二、抽取需要的信息(webmagic提供了3种方式,xpath,css选择,正则表达式。具体可以查看下[WebMagic文档](http://webmagic.io/docs/zh/))
确定好【目标的信息】,如下图。
创建对应的实体对象
package entity;
/**
* 知乎用户信息
* @author antgan
*
*/
public class ZhihuUser
private String key;//keyword
private String name;//用户名
private String identity;//身份
private String location;//所在地
private String profession;//行业
private int sex;//性别
private String school;//学校
private String major;//专业
private String recommend;//个人简介
private String picUrl;//头像url
private int agree;//赞同
private int thanks;//感谢
private int ask;//提问数
private int answer;//回答数
private int article;//文章数
private int collection;//收藏数
public String getKey()
return key;
public void setKey(String key)
this.key = key;
public String getName()
return name;
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
public String getIdentity()
return identity;
public void setIdentity(String identity)
this.identity = identity;
public String getLocation()
return location;
public void setLocation(String location)
this.location = location;
public String getProfession()
return profession;
public void setProfession(String profession)
this.profession = profession;
public int getSex()
return sex;
public void setSex(int sex)
this.sex = sex;
public String getSchool()
return school;
public void setSchool(String school)
this.school = school;
public String getMajor()
return major;
public void setMajor(String major)
this.major = major;
public String getRecommend()
return recommend;
public void setRecommend(String recommend)
this.recommend = recommend;
public String getPicUrl()
return picUrl;
public void setPicUrl(String picUrl)
this.picUrl = picUrl;
public int getAgree()
return agree;
public void setAgree(int agree)
this.agree = agree;
public int getThanks()
return thanks;
public void setThanks(int thanks)
this.thanks = thanks;
public int getAsk()
return ask;
public void setAsk(int ask)
this.ask = ask;
public int getAnswer()
return answer;
public void setAnswer(int answer)
this.answer = answer;
public int getArticle()
return article;
public void setArticle(int article)
this.article = article;
public int getCollection()
return collection;
public void setCollection(int collection)
this.collection = collection;
@Override
public String toString()
return "ZhihuUser [name=" + name + ", identity=" + identity + ", location=" + location + ", profession="
+ profession + ", sex=" + sex + ", school=" + school + ", major=" + major + ", recommend=" + recommend
+ ", picUrl=" + picUrl + ", agree=" + agree + ", thanks=" + thanks + ", ask=" + ask + ", answer="
+ answer + ", article=" + article + ", collection=" + collection + "]";
编写PageProcessor(Processor中的process方法是webmagic的核心,负责抽取目标url的逻辑)
package repo;
import dao.ZhihuDao;
import dao.impl.ZhihuDaoImpl;
import entity.ZhihuUser;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
/**
* 知乎用户小爬虫<br>
* 输入搜索用户关键词(keyword),并把搜出来的用户信息爬出来<br>
* @date 2016-5-3
* @website ghb.soecode.com
* @csdn blog.csdn.net/antgan
* @author antgan
*
*/
public class ZhiHuUserPageProcessor implements PageProcessor
//抓取网站的相关配置,包括:编码、抓取间隔、重试次数等
private Site site = Site.me().setRetryTimes(10).setSleepTime(1000);
//用户数量
private static int num = 0;
//搜索关键词
private static String keyword = "JAVA";
//数据库持久化对象,用于将用户信息存入数据库
private ZhihuDao zhihuDao = new ZhihuDaoImpl();
/**
* process 方法是webmagic爬虫的核心<br>
* 编写抽取【待爬取目标链接】的逻辑代码在html中。
*/
@Override
public void process(Page page)
//1. 如果是用户列表页面 【入口页面】,将所有用户的详细页面的url放入target集合中。
if(page.getUrl().regex("https://www\\\\.zhihu\\\\.com/search\\\\?type=people&q=[\\\\s\\\\S]+").match())
page.addTargetRequests(page.getHtml().xpath("//ul[@class='list users']/li/div/div[@class='body']/div[@class='line']").links().all());
//2. 如果是用户详细页面
else
num++;//用户数++
/*实例化ZhihuUser,方便持久化存储。*/
ZhihuUser user = new ZhihuUser();
/*从下载到的用户详细页面中抽取想要的信息,这里使用xpath居多*/
/*为了方便理解,抽取到的信息先用变量存储,下面再赋值给对象*/
String name = page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='title-section ellipsis']/span[@class='name']/text()").get();
String identity = page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='title-section ellipsis']/span[@class='bio']/@title").get();
String location = page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='item editable-group']/span[@class='info-wrap']/span[@class='location item']/@title").get();
String profession = page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='item editable-group']/span[@class='info-wrap']/span[@class='business item']/@title").get();
boolean isMale = page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='item gender']/i[@class='icon icon-profile-male']").match();
boolean isFemale = page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='item gender']/i[@class='icon icon-profile-female']").match();
int sex = -1;
/*因为知乎有一部分人不设置性别 或者 不显示性别。所以需要判断一下。*/
if(isMale&&!isFemale) sex=1;//1代表男性
else if(!isMale&&isFemale) sex=0;//0代表女性
else sex=2;//2代表未知
String school = page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='education item']/@title").get();
String major = page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='education-extra item']/@title").get();
String recommend = page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='fold-item']/span[@class='content']/@title").get();
String picUrl = page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='body clearfix']/img[@class='Avatar Avatar--l']/@src").get();
int agree = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='zm-profile-header-user-agree']/strong/text()").get());
int thanks = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//span[@class='zm-profile-header-user-thanks']/strong/text()").get());
int ask = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='profile-navbar clearfix']/a[2]/span[@class='num']/text()").get());
int answer = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='profile-navbar clearfix']/a[3]/span[@class='num']/text()").get());
int article = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='profile-navbar clearfix']/a[4]/span[@class='num']/text()").get());
int collection = Integer.parseInt(page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='profile-navbar clearfix']/a[5]/span[@class='num']/text()").get());
//对象赋值
user.setKey(keyword);
user.setName(name);
user.setIdentity(identity);
user.setLocation(location);
user.setProfession(profession);
user.setSex(sex);
user.setSchool(school);
user.setMajor(major);
user.setRecommend(recommend);
user.setPicUrl(picUrl);
user.setAgree(agree);
user.setThanks(thanks);
user.setAsk(ask);
user.setAnswer(answer);
user.setArticle(article);
user.setCollection(collection);
System.out.println("num:"+num +" " + user.toString());//输出对象
zhihuDao.saveUser(user);//保存用户信息到数据库
@Override
public Site getSite()
return this.site;
public static void main(String[] args)
long startTime ,endTime;
System.out.println("========知乎用户信息小爬虫【启动】喽!=========");
startTime = new Date().getTime();
//入口为:【https://www.zhihu.com/search?type=people&q=xxx 】,其中xxx 是搜索关键词
Spider.create(new ZhiHuUserPageProcessor()).addUrl("https://www.zhihu.com/search?type=people&q="+keyword).thread(5).run();
endTime = new Date().getTime();
System.out.println("========知乎用户信息小爬虫【结束】喽!=========");
System.out.println("一共爬到"+num+"个用户信息!用时为:"+(endTime-startTime)/1000+"s");
三、处理数据 (这里我存储在本地数据库中)
Dao层接口
package dao;
import entity.ZhihuUser;
/**
* 知乎 数据持久化 接口
* @author 甘海彬
*
*/
public interface ZhihuDao
/**
* 保存用户信息
* @param user
* @return
*/
public int saveUser(ZhihuUser user);
Dao实现类
package dao.impl;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import dao.ZhihuDao;
import entity.ZhihuUser;
import util.DBHelper;
/**
* 知乎 数据库持久化接口 实现
* @author 甘海彬
*
*/
public class ZhihuDaoImpl implements ZhihuDao
@Override
public int saveUser(ZhihuUser user)
DBHelper dbhelper = new DBHelper();
StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();
sql.append("INSERT INTO spider_zhihu_user ( `key`,`name`,identity,location,profession,sex,school,major,recommend,picUrl,agree,thanks,ask,answer,article,collection)")
//`key`,`name`,identity,location,profession,sex,school,major,recommend,picUrl,agree,thanks,ask,answer,article,collection
.append("VALUES (? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? ) ");
//设置 sql values 的值
List<String> sqlValues = new ArrayList<>();
sqlValues.add(user.getKey());
sqlValues.add(user.getName());
sqlValues.add(user.getIdentity());
sqlValues.add(user.getLocation());
sqlValues.add(user.getProfession());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getSex());
sqlValues.add(user.getSchool());
sqlValues.add(user.getMajor());
sqlValues.add(user.getRecommend());
sqlValues.add(user.getPicUrl());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getAgree());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getThanks());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getAsk());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getAnswer());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getArticle());
sqlValues.add(""+user.getCollection());
try
int result = dbhelper.executeUpdate(sql.toString(),sqlValues);
catch(Exception e)
finally
dbhelper.close();
return result;
这里我封装了个DbHelpler类,方便进行持久化操作,使用单例模式,并线程同步。
package util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
/**
* JDBC通用类
* @author GANAB
*
*/
public class DBHelper
public static final String driver_class = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver";
public static final String driver_url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@ita-031-w7:1521:xe";
public static final String user = "abel";
public static final String password = "123";
private static Connection conn = null;
private PreparedStatement pst = null;
private ResultSet rst = null;
public DBHelper()
try
conn = getConnInstance();
catch (Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
private Connection getConnInstance()
if(conn == null)
try
Class.forName(driver_class);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(driver_url, user, password);
catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
e.printStackTrace();
catch (SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("Connect success.");
return conn;
public void close()
try
if (pst != null)
this.pst.close();
if (rst != null)
this.rst.close();
if (conn != null)
conn.close();
System.out.println("Close connection success.");
catch (SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();
/**
* query
*
* @param sql
* @param sqlValues
* @return ResultSet
*/
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql, List<String> sqlValues)
try
pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
if (sqlValues != null && sqlValues.size() > 0)
setSqlValues(pst, sqlValues);
rst = pst.executeQuery();
catch (SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();
return rst;
/**
* update
*
* @param sql
* @param sqlValues
* @return result
*/
public int executeUpdate(String sql, List<String> sqlValues)
int result = -1;
try
pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
if (sqlValues != null && sqlValues.size() > 0)
setSqlValues(pst, sqlValues);
result = pst.executeUpdate();
catch (SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();
return result;
/**
* sql set value
*
* @param pst
* @param sqlValues
*/
private void setSqlValues(PreparedStatement pst, List<String> sqlValues)
for (int i = 0; i < sqlValues.size(); i++)
try
pst.setObject(i + 1, sqlValues.get(i));
catch (SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();
噢!对了!表的创建sql也提供一下!
CREATE TABLE `spider_zhihu_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`key` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`identity` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`location` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`profession` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`school` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`major` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`recommend` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`picUrl` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`agree` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`thanks` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`ask` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`answer` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`article` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`collection` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=104 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
以上就是全部代码。
进行测试。
完美~
你知道可以拿这些数据做什么呢?
科科,我也不知道。
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