Oracle 19c 安装（Linux）
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操作系统基础配置
本章节所有操作使用root用户
su - root
关闭防火墙和SELINUX
关闭运行中的防火墙
#service iptables stop
关闭操作系统自启动
#chkconfig iptables off
检查关闭情况
# chkconfig --list iptables
关闭selinux：
编辑/etc/selinux/config 文件
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
RPM包安装
Oracle安装需要以下RPM包：
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c+±4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc+±devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc+±4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1.el6(x86_64)
以上包具体小版本视情况而定，通过rpm –qa| grep 命令查找是否安装了对应的包，例：
[root@hca1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcc
安装包
使用命令
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-296 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make openmotif sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel compat-libcap1 -y
或可以使用 rpm –ivh *.rpm （*表示rpm包名称）
安装用户创建
创建oracle用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle ----修改oracle用户密码
oracle用户环境变量设置
su - oracle
oracle用户：
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=XXX（根据具体需要修改）
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=XXX
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
切换回root用户
exit
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1（由/开头的文件夹都在根目录下，所以需要exit到root用户创建）
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
host修改
注意：如果主机名是localhost（建议不要使用这个默认值），则不需要修改此文件
vi /etc/hosts
主机ip 主机名 （增加这行）
RDBMS软件
上传介质
将oracle的压缩包上传到/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1目录下
解压介质
用oracle用户解压提前上传到目录下的压缩包解压
使用 unzip 命令
解压后生成database目录
开始安装
oracle用户执行安装：
打开Xmanager-passice
到解压开后的database目录执行：
export DISPLAY=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:0.0(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为Windows主机的IP 0.0为Xmanager-passice的端口)
./runInstaller
安装截图如下：
注意这一块，一般就是缺少RPM包，由于我们之前已经所有安装了，故这一步一般不会报错；
到xshell中用root用户执行即可
配置监听
同样用xstart连接后oracle用户执行
$netca
创建数据库
同样用xstart连接后oracle用户执行
$ dbca
这里和之前配置的对应即可
检查
[root@host2 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Mon Oct 31 15:50:20 CST 2022 on pts/3
[oracle@host2 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 16:01:11 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> select
2 *
3 from
4 ;
SP2-0640: Not connected
SQL>
因为在安装的时候没有截图，所有这里截图参考了https://blog.csdn.net/bjywxc/article/details/104696121的图片；
前前后后安装了5-6次，无数重装，终于最后平稳的安装起来了。
CentOS安装Oracle11g Linux 搭建Pro*C/C++开发环境
【本文谢绝转载原文来自http://990487026.blog.51cto.com】
系统属性:
CentOS 6.8_X64,基于桌面,附加开发工具包安装.
上传Oracle11g安装文件到:/usr/local/oracle/
[[email protected] home]# mkdir -pv /usr/local/oracle mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/oracle‘ [[email protected] oracle]# ll /usr/local/oracle/ total 2985244 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1239269270 Aug 28 20:23 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1111416131 Aug 28 20:24 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [[email protected] oracle]#
准备oracle的安装目标目录[重要]
[[email protected] oracle]# mkdir –p /opt/oracle
创建oracle相关用户和用户组
[[email protected] oracle]# groupadd dba [[email protected] oracle]# groupadd oinstall [[email protected] oracle]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [[email protected] oracle]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: oracle Retype new password:oracle passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [[email protected] oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle [[email protected] oracle]# ll /opt/oracle -d drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 28 20:27 /opt/oracle
检查安装ORACLE依赖的RPM软件包
[[email protected] oracle]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom [[email protected] oracle]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/ [[email protected] Packages]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Packages [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.18-164.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.5-42.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-42.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.0-6.el5.i386.rpm| [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm| 如果找不到elfutils-libelf-devel-static, yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-static 如果找不到libgomp ,yum install libgomp
设置linux内核参数
[[email protected] Packages]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf 在最后面添加 #kernel.shmall = 4294967296 #kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [[email protected] Packages]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 在最后面添加 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 [[email protected] Packages]# vim /etc/profile在最后面添加 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/bash" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi
重新启动系统,开始安装过程
[[email protected] ~]# reboot [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle: /usr/local/oracle/ [[email protected] ~]# su oracle [[email protected] oracle]$ cd /usr/local/oracle/ [[email protected] oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [[email protected] oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [[email protected] oracle]$ cd database/ [[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller 开始加载图形安装程序.......................
高清大图:
在这里,会自动找到我为oracle分配的安装路径
提示找不到依赖库,其实我们都全部安装了,
# rpm -q 包名,是可以查出来我已经安装了的
漫长的等待...................
安装完成:
oracle安装的位置:/opt/oracle/
oracle11g的位置:/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/
设置ORACLE环境变量
[[email protected] ~]$ cat /home/oracle/.bashrc 添加: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/ export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
查看pro*C/C++编译器情况:
[[email protected] ~]$ proc Pro*C/C++: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 28 23:31:48 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. System default option values taken from: /opt/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/precomp/admin/pcscfg.cfg Option Name Current Value Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- auto_connect no Allow automatic connection to ops$ account char_map charz Mapping of character arrays and strings close_on_commitno Close all cursors on COMMIT cmax 100 CMAX Value for connection pool cmin 2 CMIN Value for connection pool cincr 1 CINCR Value for connection pool ctimeout 0 CTIMEOUT Value for connection pool cnowait 0 CNOWAIT Value for connection pool common_parser no Parse using Common SQL Front End code kr_c The type of code to be generated comp_charset multi_byte The character set type the C compiler supports config default Override system configuration file with another cpool no Support connection pooling cpp_suffix *none* Override the default C++ filename suffix db2_array no Support DB2 array insert/select syntax dbms native v6/v7/v8 compatibility mode def_sqlcode no Generate ‘#define SQLCODE sqlca.sqlcode‘ macro define __x86_64__ Define a preprocessor symbol *none* duration transaction Set pin duration for objects in the cache dynamic oracle Specify Oracle or ANSI Dynamic SQL Semantics errors yes Whether error messages are sent to the terminal errtype *none* Name of the list file for intype file errors events no Support publish-subscribe event notifications fips none FIPS flagging of ANSI noncompliant usage header *none* Specify file extension for Precompiled Headers hold_cursor no Control holding of cursors in the cursor cache implicit_svpt no Implicit savepoint prior to buffered insert iname *none* The name of the input file include *none* Directory paths for included files intype *none* The name of the input file for type information lines no Add #line directives to the generated code lname *none* Override default list file name ltype short The amount of data generated in the list file maxliteral 1024 Maximum length of a generated string literal maxopencursors 10 Maximum number of cached open cursors max_row_insert 0 Maximum number of rows to buffer on insert mode oracle Code conformance to Oracle or ANSI rules native_types no Support for native float/double nls_char *none* Specify National Language character variables nls_local no Control how NLS character semantics are done objects yes Support object types oname *none* The name of the output file oraca no Control the use of the ORACA outline no Category in which Outlines are created [yes/no/<category name>] outlnprefix *none* Outline name prefix pagelen 80 The page length of the list file parse full Control which non-SQL code is parsed prefetch 1 Number of rows pre-fetched at cursor OPEN time release_cursor no Control release of cursors from cursor cache runoutline no If yes, create Outlines in the Database select_error yes Control flagging of select errors sqlcheck syntax Amount of compile-time SQL checking stmt_cache 0 Size of statement cache sys_include /usr/lib64/gcc/Directory where system header files are found /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/4.1.0/include /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.1/include /usr/lib/gcc-lib/x86_64-redhat-linux/3.2.3/include /usr/include $ORACLE_HOME/precomp/public threads no Indicates a multi-threaded application type_code oracle Use Oracle or ANSI type codes for Dynamic SQL unsafe_null no Allow a NULL fetch without indicator variable userid *none* A username/password [@dbname] connect string utf16_charset nchar_charset The character set form used by UTF16 variables varchar no Allow the use of implicit varchar structures version recent Which version of an object is to be returned PCC-F-02135, CMD-LINE: User asked for help [[email protected] ~]$
监听服务启动/关闭
[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl start/stop
数据库服务的启动/关闭
[[email protected] root]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL> conn /as sysdba SQL> startup 开启 SQL> shutdown immediate 关闭 SQL> conn scott 切换到scott用户 SQL> conn scott/password 切换到scott用户
如果数据库服务启动时报错
SQL> startup ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system [临时解决办法] [[email protected] ~]# mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm [永久解决方法] [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=4096M 0 0 [[email protected] ~]# reboot
sqlplus操作,增删改查:
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus Enter user-name: scott Enter password: tiger Changing password for scott New password: haha Retype new password:haha SQL> select * from tab; TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID ------------------------------ ------- ---------- BONUS TABLE DEPT TABLE EMP TABLE SALGRADE TABLE
ed命令的使用
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
20
写好按q
[[email protected] ~]# vim /home/oracle/afiedt.buf
本文出自 “魂斗罗” 博客，谢绝转载！
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