重识Nginx - 06 搭建静态资源Web服务器(alias VS root)

Posted 2022-10-03 小小工匠

文章目录

• 官网说明
• root vs alias
• alias (用alias场景居多)
• • 语法
  • Demo
• root
• • 语法
  • Demo

官网说明

https://nginx.org/en/docs/

点击 Module ngx_http_core_module

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root vs alias

root与alias主要区别在于nginx如何解释location后面的uri, 分别以不同的方式将请求映射到服务器文件上。

• alias是一个目录别名的定义（仅能用于location上下文）

• root则是最上层目录的定义。

• root的处理结果是：root路径＋location路径 ; alias的处理结果是：使用alias路径替换location路径

• alias后面必须要用“/”结束，否则会找不到文件, root则可有可无~~

• 使用alias时，目录名后面一定要加"/"

• alias在使用正则匹配时，必须捕捉要匹配的内容并在指定的内容处使用。

• alias只能位于location块中, root可以不放在location中

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location ^~ /abc/ 
	alias /www/artisan/html/new_abc/;

如果一个请求的URI是/abc/a.html时， 将会返回服务器的/www/artisan/html/new_abc/a.html

注意这里是new_abc， alias会把location后面配置的路径丢弃掉，把当前匹配到的目录指向到指定的目录。

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location ^~ /abc/ 
     root /www/artisan/html/;

如果一个请求的URI是/abc/a.html时，web服务器将会返回服务器上的/www/artisan/html/abc/a.html的文件。 root会把location配置的路径进行追加----> root路径＋location路径

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alias (用alias场景居多)

语法

Syntax:	alias path;
Default:	—
Context:	location

Demo

Defines a replacement for the specified location.

For example, with the following configuration

location /i/ 
    alias /data/w3/images/;

on request of “/i/top.gif”, the file /data/w3/images/top.gif will be sent.

The path value can contain variables, except $document_root and $realpath_root.

If alias is used inside a location defined with a regular expression then such regular expression should contain captures and alias should refer to these captures (0.7.40), for example:

location ~ ^/users/(.+\\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png))$ 
    alias /data/w3/images/$1;

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When location matches the last part of the directive’s value:

location /images/ 
    alias /data/w3/images/;

it is better to use the root directive instead:

location /images/ 
    root /data/w3;

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root

语法

Syntax:	root path;
Default:	
root html;
Context:	http, server, location, if in location

注意Contex的范围

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Demo

Sets the root directory for requests.

For example, with the following configuration

location /i/ 
    root /data/w3;

The /data/w3/i/top.gif file will be sent in response to the “/i/top.gif” request.

The path value can contain variables, except $document_root and $realpath_root.

A path to the file is constructed by merely adding a URI to the value of the root directive. If a URI has to be modified, the alias directive should be used.