TCP/IP 详解（第 2 版）笔记 / 2 互联网地址架构 / 2.10 参考文献

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目录、参考文献

2.10 参考文献

[CGEMA] Cisco Systems
“Guidelines for Enterprise IP Multicast Address Allocation,”
2004
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/techno/tity/prodlit/ipmlt_wp.pdf
[EIGRP] B. Albrightson, J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, and J. Boyle
“EIGRP—A Fast Routing Protocol Based on Distance Vectors,”
Proc. Infocom, 2004.
[EUI64] Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
“Guidelines for 64-Bit Global Identifier (EUI-64) Registration Authority,”
Mar. 1997
http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html
[H96] M. Handley
“The SDR Session Directory: An Mbone Conference Scheduling and Booking System,”
Department of Computer Science, University College London, Apr. 1996
http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~ace/mbone/mbone/sdr/intro.html
[IANA] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
http://www.iana.org
[IDChes] S. Cheshire and M. Krochmal
“Multicast DNS,” Internet draftcheshire-dnsext-multicastdns, work in progress, Oct. 2010.
[IDv4v6mc] S. Venaas, X. Li, and C. Bao
“Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Translation,”
Internet draft-venaas-behave-v4v6mc-framework, work in progress, Dec. 2010.
[IEEERA] IEEE Registration Authority
http://standards.ieee.org/regauth
[IMR02] B. Edwards, L. Giuliano, and B. Wright
Inter-domain Multicast Routing: Practical Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems Solutions (Addison-Wesley, 2002).
[IP4AS] http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space
[IP4MA] http://www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses
[IP4R] IPv4 Address Report
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4
[IP6AS] http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-address-space
[IP6MA] http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-multicast-addresses
[KK77] L. Kleinrock and F. Kamoun
“Hierarchical Routing for Large Networks, Performance Evaluation and Optimization,”
Computer Networks, 1(3), 1977.
[NRO] Number Resource Organization
http://www.nro.net
[RFC0919] J. C. Mogul
“Broadcasting Internet Datagrams,”
Internet RFC 0919/BCP 0005, Oct. 1984.
[RFC0922] J. C. Mogul
“Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in the Presence of Subnets,”
Internet RFC 0922/STD 0005, Oct. 1984.
[RFC0950] J. C. Mogul and J. Postel
“Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure,”
Internet RFC 0950/STD 0005, Aug. 1985.
[RFC1075] D. Waitzman, C. Partridge, and S. E. Deering
“Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol,”
Internet RFC 1075 (experimental), Nov. 1988.
[RFC1112] S. E. Deering
“Host Extensions for IP Multicasting,”
Internet RFC 1112/STD 0005, Aug. 1989.
[RFC1122] R. Braden, ed.
“Requirements for Internet Hosts—Communication Layers,”
Internet RFC 1122/STD 0003, Oct. 1989.
[RFC1812] F. Baker, ed.
“Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers,”
Internet RFC 1812/STD 0004, June 1995.
[RFC1918] Y. Rekhter, B. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. J. de Groot, and E. Lear
“Address Allocation for Private Internets,”
Internet RFC 1918/BCP 0005, Feb. 1996.
[RFC2080] G. Malkin and R. Minnear
“RIPng for IPv6,”
Internet RFC 2080, Jan. 1997.
[RFC2328] J. Moy
“OSPF Version 2,”
Internet RFC 2328/STD 0054, Apr. 1988.
[RFC2365] D. Meyer
“Administratively Scoped IP Multicast,”
Internet RFC 2365/BCP 0023, July 1998.
[RFC2544] S. Bradner and J. McQuaid
“Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices,”
Internet RFC 2544 (informational), Mar. 1999.
[RFC2622] C. Alaettinoglu, C. Villamizar, E. Gerich, D. Kessens, D. Meyer, T. Bates, D. Karrenberg, and M. Terpstra
“Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL),”
Internet RFC 2622, June 1999.
[RFC2644] D. Senie
“Changing the Default for Directed Broadcasts in Routers,”
Internet RFC 2644/BCP 0034, Aug. 1999.
[RFC2974] M. Handley, C. Perkins, and E. Whelan
“Session Announcement Protocol,”
Internet RFC 2974 (experimental), Oct. 2000.
[RFC3056] B. Carpenter and K. Moore
“Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds,”
Internet RFC 3056, Feb. 2001.
[RFC3068] C. Huitema
“An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers,”
Internet RFC 3068, June 2001.
[RFC3170] B. Quinn and K. Almeroth
“IP Multicast Applications: Challenges and Solutions,”
Internet RFC 3170 (informational), Sept. 2001.
[RFC3180] D. Meyer and P. Lothberg
“GLOP Addressing in 233/8,”
Internet RFC 3180/BCP 0053, Sept. 2001.
[RFC3306] B. Haberman and D. Thaler
“Unicast-Prefix-Based IPv6 Multicast Addresses,”
Internet RFC 3306, Aug. 2002.
[RFC3307] B. Haberman
“Allocation Guidelines for IPv6 Multicast Addresses,”
Internet RFC 3307, Aug. 2002.
[RFC3315] R. Droms, ed., J. Bound, B. Volz, T. Lemon, C. Perkins, and M. Carney
“Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6),”
Internet RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3569] S. Bhattacharyya, ed.
“An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM),”
Internet RFC 3569 (informational), July 2003.
[RFC3701] R. Fink and R. Hinden
“6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout,”
Internet RFC 3701 (informational), Mar. 2004.
[RFC3810] R. Vida and L. Costa, eds.
“Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6,”
Internet RFC 3810, June 2004.
[RFC3849] G. Huston, A. Lord, and P. Smith
“IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation,”
Internet RFC 3849 (informational), July 2004.
[RFC3879] C. Huitema and B. Carpenter
“Deprecating Site Local Addresses,”
Internet RFC 3879, Sept. 2004.
[RFC3927] S. Cheshire, B. Aboba, and E. Guttman
“Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses,”
Internet RFC 3927, May 2005.
[RFC3956] P. Savola and B. Haberman
“Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address,”
Internet RFC 3956, Nov. 2004.
[RFC4012] L. Blunk, J. Damas, F. Parent, and A. Robachevsky
“Routing Policy Specification Language Next Generation (RPSLng),”
Internet RFC 4012, Mar. 2005.
[RFC4116] J. Abley, K. Lindqvist, E. Davies, B. Black, and V. Gill
“IPv4 Multihoming Practices and Limitations,”
Internet RFC 4116 (informational), July 2005.
[RFC4177] G. Huston
“Architectural Approaches to Multi-homing for IPv6,”
Internet RFC 4177 (informational), Sept. 2005.
[RFC4193] R. Hinden and B. Haberman
“Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses,”
Oct. 2005.
[RFC4286] B. Haberman and J. Martin
“Multicast Router Discovery,”
Internet RFC 4286, Dec. 2005.
[RFC4291] R. Hinden and S. Deering
“IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture,”
Internet RFC 4291, Feb. 2006.
[RFC4380] C. Huitema
“Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through Network Address Translations (NATs),”
Internet RFC 4380, Feb. 2006.
[RFC4423] R. Moskowitz and P. Nikander
“Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Architecture,”
Internet RFC 4423 (informational), May 2006.
[RFC4489] J.-S. Park, M.-K. Shin, and H.-J. Kim
“A Method for Generating LinkScoped IPv6 Multicast Addresses,”
Internet RFC 4489, Apr. 2006.
[RFC4566] M. Handley, V. Jacobson, and C. Perkins
“SDP: Session Description Protocol,”
Internet RFC 4566, July 2006.
[RFC4601] B. Fenner, M. Handley, H. Holbrook, and I. Kouvelas
“Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised),”
Internet RFC 4601, Aug. 2006.
[RFC4607] H. Holbrook and B. Cain
“Source-Specific Multicast for IP,”
Internet RFC 4607, Aug. 2006.
[RFC4608] D. Meyer, R. Rockell, and G. Shepherd
“Source-Specific Protocol Independent Multicast in 232/8,”
Internet RFC 4608/BCP 0120, Aug. 2006.
[RFC4610] D. Farinacci and Y. Cai
“Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM),”
Internet RFC 4610, Aug. 2006.
[RFC4632] V. Fuller and T. Li
“Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation Plan,”
Internet RFC 4632/BCP 0122, Aug. 2006.
[RFC4786] J. Abley and K. Lindqvist
“Operation of Anycast Services,”
Internet RFC 4786/BCP 0126, Dec. 2006.
[RFC4795] B. Aboba, D. Thaler, and L. Esibov
“Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR),”
Internet RFC 4795 (informational), Jan. 2007.
[RFC4843] P. Nikander, J. Laganier, and F. Dupont
“An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHID),”
Internet RFC 4843 (experimental), Apr. 2007.
[RFC4893] Q. Vohra and E. Chen
“BGP Support for Four-Octet AS Number Space,”
Internet RFC 4893, May 2007.
[RFC4948] L. Andersson, E. Davies, and L. Zhang, eds.
“Report from the IAB Workshop on Unwanted Traffic March 9–10, 2006,”
Internet RFC 4948 (informational), Aug. 2007.
[RFC5059] N. Bhaskar, A. Gall, J. Lingard, and S. Venaas
“Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM),”
Internet RFC 5059, Jan. 2008.
[RFC5110] P. Savola
“Overview of the Internet Multicast Routing Architecture,”
Internet RFC 5110 (informational), Jan. 2008.
[RFC5156] M. Blanchet
“Special-Use IPv6 Addresses,”
Internet RFC 5156 (informational), Apr. 2008.
[RFC5214] F. Templin, T. Gleeson, and D. Thaler
“Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP),”
Internet RFC 5214 (informational), Mar. 2008.
[RFC5352] R. Stewart, Q. Xie, M. Stillman, and M. Tuexen
“Aggregate Server Access Protocol (ASAP),”
Internet RFC 5352 (experimental), Sept. 2008.
[RFC5415] P. Calhoun, M. Montemurro, and D. Stanley, eds.
“Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocol Specification,”
Internet RFC 5415, Mar. 2009.
[RFC5498] I. Chakeres
“IANA Allocations for Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Protocols,”
Internet RFC 5498, Mar. 2009.
[RFC5533] E. Nordmark and M. Bagnulo
“Shim6: Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol for IPv6,”
Internet RFC 5533, June 2009.
[RFC5735] M. Cotton and L. Vegoda
“Special Use IPv4 Addresses,”
Internet RFC 5735/BCP 0153, Jan. 2010.
[RFC5736] G. Huston, M. Cotton, and L. Vegoda
“IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry,”
Internet RFC 5736 (informational), Jan. 2010.
[RFC5737] J. Arkko, M. Cotton, and L. Vegoda
“IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation,”
Internet RFC 5737 (informational), Jan. 2010.
[RFC5771] M. Cotton, L. Vegoda, and D. Meyer
“IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments,”
Internet RFC 5771/BCP 0051, Mar. 2010.
[RFC5952] S. Kawamura and M. Kawashima
“A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation,”
Internet RFC 5952, Aug. 2010.
[RFC5905] D. Mills, J. Martin, ed., J. Burbank, and W. Kasch
“Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification,”
Internet RFC 5905, June 2010.
[RFC6034] D. Thaler
“Unicast-Prefix-Based IPv4 Multicast Addresses,”
Internet RFC 6034, Oct. 2010.
[RFC6052] C. Bao, C. Huitema, M. Bagnulo, M. Boucadair, and X. Li
“IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators,”
Internet RFC 6052, Oct. 2010.
[RFC6217] J. Arkko and M. Townsley
“IPv4 Run-Out and IPv4-IPv6 Co-Existence Scenarios,”
Internet RFC 6127 (experimental), May 2011.
[RFC6144] F. Baker, X. Li, C. Bao, and K. Yin
“Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation,”
Internet RFC 6144 (informational), Apr. 2011.
[RFC6164] M. Kohno, B. Nitzan, R. Bush, Y. Matsuzaki, L. Colitti, and T. Narten
“Using 127-Bit IPv6 Prefixes on Inter-Router Links,”
Internet RFC 6164, Apr. 2011.
[RFC6275] C. Perkins, ed., D. Johnson, and J. Arkko
“Mobility Support in IPv6,”
Internet RFC 3775, July 2011.
[RFC6308] P. Savola
“Overview of the Internet Multicast Addressing Architecture,”
Internet RFC 6308 (informational), June 2011.
[WRWS] http://www.arin.net/resources/whoisrws

目录、参考文献

《TCP/IP详解卷1：协议》第14章 DNS：域名系统---读书笔记

《TCP/IP详解卷1：协议》第14章 DNS：域名系统---读书笔记

1、引言

5、指针查询

DNS中一直难于理解的部分就是指针查询方式，即给定一个IP地址，返回与该地址对应的域名。

当一个组织加入Internet，并获得DNS域名空间的授权，如noao.edu，则它们也获得了对应IP地址的in-addr.arpa域名空间的授权。在noao.edu这个例子中，它的网络号是140.252的B类网络。在DNS树中结点in-addr.arpa的下一级必须是该IP地址的第一字节（例中为140），再下一级为该IP地址的下一个字节（252），以此类推。但应牢记的是DNS名字是由DNS树的底部逐步向上书写的。这意味着对于IP地址为140.252.13.33的sun主机，它的DNS名字为33.13.252.140.in-addr.arpa。

必须写出4字节的IP地址，因为授权的代表是基于网络号：A类地址是第一字节，B类地址是第一、二字节，C类地址是第一、二、三字节。IP地址的第一字节一定位于in-addr的下一级，但FQDN却是自树底往上书写的。

只有在使用host程序或者tcpdump程序直接同DNS打交道时，才会担心in-addr域和反写IP地址影响我们。从应用的角度上看，正常的名字解析器函数（gethostbyaddr）将接收一个IP地址并返回对应主机的有关信息。反转这些字节和添加in-addr.arpa域均由该函数自动实现。

6、资源记录

我们已经见到了一些不同类型的资源记录（RR,resouce record）：IP地址查询为A类型，指针查询为类型PTR。也见到过由服务器返回的资源记录：回答RR、授权RR和附加信息RR。现有大约20种不同类型的资源记录，下面将介绍其中的一些常用的。

A	一个A记录定义了一个IP地址，它存储32bit的二进制数。
PTR	指针记录用于指针查询。IP地址被看作是in-addr.arpa域下一个域名（标识字符串）
CNAME	这表示“规范名字（canonical name）”。它用来表示一个域名（标识串），而有规范名字的域名通常被称为别名（alias）。某些FTP服务器使用它向其他的系统提供一个易于记忆的别名。
HINFO	表示主机信息：包括说明主机CPU和操作系统的两个字符串。并非所有的站点均提供它们系统的HINFO记录，并且提供的信息也可能不是最新的。
MX	邮件交互记录。用于一下一些场合：一个没有连到Internet的站点能将一个连到Internet的站点作为它的邮件交换器。这两个站点能够用一种交替的方式交换到达邮件，而通常使用的协议是UUCP协议。 MX记录提供了一种将无法到达其目的主机的邮件传送到一个替代主机的方式。 MX记录允许机构提供供他人发生邮件的虚拟主机。防火墙网关能使用MX记录来限制外界与内部系统的连接。
NS	名字服务器记录。它说明一个域的授权名字服务器。它由域名表示（符号串）。