浮动路由的配置！
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文章目录
浮动路由
1.浮动路由的特点
如下图三，浮动路由R2能在主路由R1和R2之间通信失效的情况下充当备用路由
2.浮动路由的配置实验
图三：
路线一：PC1–R1–R3–PC2
备用路线二：PC1–R1–R2–R3–PC2
1）配置R1、R2和R3的IP地址
R1：
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
Apr 5 2021 08:59:34-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 20.0.0.1 24
Apr 5 2021 09:00:01-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g2/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
Apr 5 2021 09:00:33-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 has entered the UP state.
R2：
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 20.0.0.2 24
Apr 5 2021 09:02:53-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 30.0.0.1 24
Apr 5 2021 09:03:15-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
R3：
[R3-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip address 10.0.0.2 24
Apr 5 2021 09:05:32-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]
[R3-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 30.0.0.2 24
Apr 5 2021 09:06:13-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 5 2021 09:06:36-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
2）在R1上配置路线一的静态路由
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.0.2
3）在R3上配置路线一的静态路由，用PC1 ping PC2结果显示路线一为通信状态
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.0.1
PC>ping 192.168.20.1
Ping 192.168.20.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=16 ms
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=31 ms
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=16 ms
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
3 packet(s) received
40.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/21/31 ms
4）查看R1路由表会发现它的静态路由优先级为60，R3上一样，然后在R1和R3上配置路由优先级大于60的浮动路由
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 14 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
2/0/0
10.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
2/0/0
10.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
2/0/0
20.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.10.254 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.10.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.10.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
> 192.168.20.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
2/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
5）在R1上配置路线二的路由优先级为70的浮动路由
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 20.0.0.2 preference 70
6）在R3上配置路线二的路由优先级为70的浮动路由
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 30.0.0.1 preference 70
7）在R2上配置到192.168.10.0和192.168.20.0网段的静态路由
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 20.0.0.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 30.0.0.2
8）查看R1的路由表会发现浮动路由的配置没有显示，此时进入R1的GE2/0/0输入”shutdown“关闭接口，断开路线一的通信，再次查看R1路由表就会发现浮动路由的配置
R1与R3断开连接
[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
20.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.10.254 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.10.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.10.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
> 192.168.20.0/24 Static 70 0 RD 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
总结
浮动路由可做主路由的备用路由，当主路由正常通信时不会显示在路由表中，当主路由通信失效时，浮动路由作为备用路由进行通信，此时其路由配置会显示在路由表中
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