嵌入式软件开发杂谈：Binutils工具集
Posted Stoneshen1211
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文章目录
在嵌入式开发中，如果我们使用GNU的GCC编译器，那么就会有一个比较重要的工具集binutils，该工具集中的一些工具，比较方便我们开发和调试。
| 指令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| addr2line | 根据指令地址获取对应的函数、源文件名、行号 |
| nm | 列出程序文件中的符号以及在内存中的地址 |
| readelf | 显示有关ELF二进制文件的信息 |
| size | 查看目标文件中的段大小 |
| objcopy | 将一种对象文件翻译成另外一种 |
| objdump | 查看程序段信息以及反汇编 |
| strings | 查看目标文件中的字符串 |
| strip | 剔除可执行程序中的调试信息 |
| ar | 将目标文件打包成静态库 |
| ld | 链接器 |
| ranlib | 生成文件的索引，加快查找速度 |
1 addr2line
根据地址来获取对应的函数、以及函数所在的源文件和行号。可以在程序异常或崩溃时候，来判断是那个函数引起的。
测试：
#include <stdio.h>
int test_func()
printf("func addr is:%p\\n", test_func);
int main()
test_func();
return 0;
将上面程序编译，并运行，在编译时候一定要加上-g选项。
# gcc test_binutils.c -o test
# ./test
func addr is:0x400526
打印的地址为0x400526，通过addr2line来获取此地址的信息：
# addr2line 0x400526 -f -e test
test_func
/home/test_demo/test_binutils.c:4
2 nm
列出程序文件中的符号以及符号在内存中的地址。符号包含程序中的函数名以及变量名
以上面生成的test为例：
#nm -n test
w __gmon_start__
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
U printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
00000000004003c8 T _init
0000000000400430 T _start
0000000000400460 t deregister_tm_clones
00000000004004a0 t register_tm_clones
00000000004004e0 t __do_global_dtors_aux
0000000000400500 t frame_dummy
0000000000400526 T test_func
0000000000400541 T main
0000000000400560 T __libc_csu_init
00000000004005d0 T __libc_csu_fini
00000000004005d4 T _fini
00000000004005e0 R _IO_stdin_used
00000000004005f8 r __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
0000000000400748 r __FRAME_END__
0000000000600e10 t __frame_dummy_init_array_entry
0000000000600e10 t __init_array_start
0000000000600e18 t __do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
0000000000600e18 t __init_array_end
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_END__
0000000000600e20 d __JCR_LIST__
0000000000600e28 d _DYNAMIC
0000000000601000 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0000000000601028 D __data_start
0000000000601028 W data_start
0000000000601030 D __dso_handle
0000000000601038 B __bss_start
0000000000601038 b completed.7594
0000000000601038 D _edata
0000000000601038 D __TMC_END__
0000000000601040 B _end
上面一共有三列，第一列是符号在内存中的地址，比如上面的test_func的地址为0x400526;第二列用于表示符号是放在哪一个段中的；第三列则是符号的名称。
第二部分的信息定义如下：
3 readelf
此指令用于显示读取文件中的ELF信息。
其用法如下：
readelf [option] [file]
file为我们要读取的文件，option为选项，具体如下：
注：上面只展示了部分option信息
下面简单记录下展示的信息，以上面生成的test文件为例。
3.1 -h
3.2 -l
# readelf -l test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x400430
There are 9 program headers, starting at offset 64
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr
FileSiz MemSiz Flags Align
PHDR 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040
0x00000000000001f8 0x00000000000001f8 R E 8
INTERP 0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238
0x000000000000001c 0x000000000000001c R 1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
LOAD 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
0x000000000000074c 0x000000000000074c R E 200000
LOAD 0x0000000000000e10 0x0000000000600e10 0x0000000000600e10
0x0000000000000228 0x0000000000000230 RW 200000
DYNAMIC 0x0000000000000e28 0x0000000000600e28 0x0000000000600e28
0x00000000000001d0 0x00000000000001d0 RW 8
NOTE 0x0000000000000254 0x0000000000400254 0x0000000000400254
0x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044 R 4
GNU_EH_FRAME 0x00000000000005f8 0x00000000004005f8 0x00000000004005f8
0x000000000000003c 0x000000000000003c R 4
GNU_STACK 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 RW 10
GNU_RELRO 0x0000000000000e10 0x0000000000600e10 0x0000000000600e10
0x00000000000001f0 0x00000000000001f0 R 1
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00
01 .interp
02 .interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rela.dyn .rela.plt .init .plt .plt.got .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame
03 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss
04 .dynamic
05 .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id
06 .eh_frame_hdr
07
08 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got
3.3 -S
# readelf -S test
There are 36 section headers, starting at offset 0x1cf8:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Address Offset
Size EntSize Flags Link Info Align
[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 00000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400238 00000238
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0000000000400254 00000254
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 0000000000400274 00000274
0000000000000024 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 0000000000400298 00000298
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 A 5 0 8
[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 00000000004002b8 000002b8
0000000000000060 0000000000000018 A 6 1 8
[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0000000000400318 00000318
000000000000003f 0000000000000000 A 0 0 1
[ 7] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000000000400358 00000358
0000000000000008 0000000000000002 A 5 0 2
[ 8] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000000000400360 00000360
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 A 6 1 8
[ 9] .rela.dyn RELA 0000000000400380 00000380
0000000000000018 0000000000000018 A 5 0 8
[10] .rela.plt RELA 0000000000400398 00000398
0000000000000030 0000000000000018 AI 5 24 8
[11] .init PROGBITS 00000000004003c8 000003c8
000000000000001a 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[12] .plt PROGBITS 00000000004003f0 000003f0
0000000000000030 0000000000000010 AX 0 0 16
[13] .plt.got PROGBITS 0000000000400420 00000420
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 8
[14] .text PROGBITS 0000000000400430 00000430
00000000000001a2 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 16
[15] .fini PROGBITS 00000000004005d4 000005d4
0000000000000009 0000000000000000 AX 0 0 4
[16] .rodata PROGBITS 00000000004005e0 000005e0
0000000000000015 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[17] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 00000000004005f8 000005f8
000000000000003c 0000000000000000 A 0 0 4
[18] .eh_frame PROGBITS 0000000000400638 00000638
0000000000000114 0000000000000000 A 0 0 8
[19] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 0000000000600e10 00000e10
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[20] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 0000000000600e18 00000e18
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[21] .jcr PROGBITS 0000000000600e20 00000e20
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[22] .dynamic DYNAMIC 0000000000600e28 00000e28
00000000000001d0 0000000000000010 WA 6 0 8
[23] .got PROGBITS 0000000000600ff8 00000ff8
0000000000000008 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[24] .got.plt PROGBITS 0000000000601000 00001000
0000000000000028 0000000000000008 WA 0 0 8
[25] .data PROGBITS 0000000000601028 00001028
0000000000000010 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 8
[26] .bss NOBITS 0000000000601038 00001038
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 WA 0 0 1
[27] .comment PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00001038
0000000000000035 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[28] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000106d
0000000000000030 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[29] .debug_info PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000109d
00000000000000ae 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[30] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000114b
0000000000000042 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[31] .debug_line PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000118d
0000000000000048 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[32] .debug_str PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000011d5
00000000000000ce 0000000000000001 MS 0 0 1
[33] .shstrtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00001ba8
000000000000014c 0000000000000000 0 0 1
[34] .symtab SYMTAB 0000000000000000 000012a8
00000000000006d8 0000000000000018 35 52 8
[35] .strtab STRTAB 0000000000000000 00001980
0000000000000228 0000000000000000 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)
3.4 -t
# readelf -t test
There are 36 section headers, starting at offset 0x1cf8:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name
Type Address Offset Link
Size EntSize Info Align
Flags
[ 0]
NULL NULL 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0 0
[0000000000000000]:
[ 1] .interp
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400238 0000000000000238 0
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag
NOTE NOTE 0000000000400254 0000000000000254 0
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-id
NOTE NOTE 0000000000400274 0000000000000274 0
0000000000000024 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 4] .gnu.hash
GNU_HASH GNU_HASH 0000000000400298 0000000000000298 5
000000000000001c 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 5] .dynsym
DYNSYM DYNSYM 00000000004002b8 00000000000002b8 6
0000000000000060 0000000000000018 1 8
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 6] .dynstr
STRTAB STRTAB 0000000000400318 0000000000000318 0
000000000000003f 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 7] .gnu.version
VERSYM VERSYM 0000000000400358 0000000000000358 5
0000000000000008 0000000000000002 0 2
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 8] .gnu.version_r
VERNEED VERNEED 0000000000400360 0000000000000360 6
0000000000000020 0000000000000000 1 8
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[ 9] .rela.dyn
RELA RELA 0000000000400380 0000000000000380 5
0000000000000018 0000000000000018 0 8
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[10] .rela.plt
RELA RELA 0000000000400398 0000000000000398 5
0000000000000030 0000000000000018 24 8
[0000000000000042]: ALLOC, INFO LINK
[11] .init
PROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004003c8 00000000000003c8 0
000000000000001a 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC
[12] .plt
PROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004003f0 00000000000003f0 0
0000000000000030 0000000000000010 0 16
[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC
[13] .plt.got
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400420 0000000000000420 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC
[14] .text
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400430 0000000000000430 0
00000000000001a2 0000000000000000 0 16
[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC
[15] .fini
PROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005d4 00000000000005d4 0
0000000000000009 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000006]: ALLOC, EXEC
[16] .rodata
PROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005e0 00000000000005e0 0
0000000000000015 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[17] .eh_frame_hdr
PROGBITS PROGBITS 00000000004005f8 00000000000005f8 0
000000000000003c 0000000000000000 0 4
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[18] .eh_frame
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000400638 0000000000000638 0
0000000000000114 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000002]: ALLOC
[19] .init_array
INIT_ARRAY INIT_ARRAY 0000000000600e10 0000000000000e10 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[20] .fini_array
FINI_ARRAY FINI_ARRAY 0000000000600e18 0000000000000e18 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[21] .jcr
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000600e20 0000000000000e20 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[22] .dynamic
DYNAMIC DYNAMIC 0000000000600e28 0000000000000e28 6
00000000000001d0 0000000000000010 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[23] .got
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000600ff8 0000000000000ff8 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000008 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[24] .got.plt
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000601000 0000000000001000 0
0000000000000028 0000000000000008 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[25] .data
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000601028 0000000000001028 0
0000000000000010 0000000000000000 0 8
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[26] .bss
NOBITS NOBITS 0000000000601038 0000000000001038 0
0000000000000008 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000003]: WRITE, ALLOC
[27] .comment
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 0000000000001038 0
0000000000000035 0000000000000001 0 1
[0000000000000030]: MERGE, STRINGS
[28] .debug_aranges
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000106d 0
0000000000000030 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
[29] .debug_info
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000109d 0
00000000000000ae 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
[30] .debug_abbrev
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000114b 0
0000000000000042 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
[31] .debug_line
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 000000000000118d 0
0000000000000048 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
[32] .debug_str
PROGBITS PROGBITS 0000000000000000 00000000000011d5 0
00000000000000ce 0000000000000001 0 1
[0000000000000030]: MERGE, STRINGS
[33] .shstrtab
STRTAB STRTAB 0000000000000000 0000000000001ba8 0
000000000000014c 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
[34] .symtab
SYMTAB SYMTAB 0000000000000000 00000000000012a8 35
00000000000006d8 0000000000000018 52 8
[0000000000000000]:
[35] .strtab
STRTAB STRTAB 0000000000000000 0000000000001980 0
0000000000000228 0000000000000000 0 1
[0000000000000000]:
3.5 -s
# readelf -s test
Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 4 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)
2: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (2)
3: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
Symbol table '.symtab' contains 73 entries:
Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name
0: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND
1: 0000000000400238 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1
2: 0000000000400254 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2
3: 0000000000400274 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3
4: 0000000000400298 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4
5: 00000000004002b8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5
6: 0000000000400318 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6
7: 0000000000400358 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7
8: 0000000000400360 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8
9: 0000000000400380 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9
10: 0000000000400398 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10
11: 00000000004003c8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11
12: 00000000004003f0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12
13: 0000000000400420 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13
14: 0000000000400430 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14
15: 00000000004005d4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15
16: 00000000004005e0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16
17: 00000000004005f8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17
18: 0000000000400638 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18
19: 0000000000600e10 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19
20: 0000000000600e18 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20
21: 0000000000600e20 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21
22: 0000000000600e28 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22
23: 0000000000600ff8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23
24: 0000000000601000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24
25: 0000000000601028 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25
26: 0000000000601038 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26
27: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 27
28: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 28
29: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 29
30: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 30
31: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 31
32: 0000000000000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 32
33: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
34: 0000000000600e20 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __JCR_LIST__
35: 0000000000400460 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 deregister_tm_clones
36: 00000000004004a0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 register_tm_clones
37: 00000000004004e0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 __do_global_dtors_aux
38: 0000000000601038 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 26 completed.7594
39: 0000000000600e18 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __do_global_dtors_aux_fin
40: 0000000000400500 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 14 frame_dummy
41: 0000000000600e10 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __frame_dummy_init_array_
42: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS test_binutils.c
43: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c
44: 0000000000400748 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __FRAME_END__
45: 0000000000600e20 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 __JCR_END__
46: 0000000000000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS
47: 0000000000600e18 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __init_array_end
48: 0000000000600e28 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 22 _DYNAMIC
49: 0000000000600e10 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __init_array_start
50: 00000000004005f8 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
51: 0000000000601000 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 24 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
52: 00000000004005d0 2 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 __libc_csu_fini
53: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab
54: 0000000000601028 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 25 data_start
55: 0000000000601038 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 _edata
56: 00000000004005d4 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _fini
57: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
58: 0000000000400526 27 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 test_func
59: 0000000000000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_
60: 0000000000601028 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 25 __data_start
61: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__
62: 0000000000601030 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 25 __dso_handle
63: 00000000004005e0 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 16 _IO_stdin_used
64: 0000000000400560 101 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 __libc_csu_init
65: 0000000000601040 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 _end
66: 0000000000400430 42 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _start
67: 0000000000601038 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 26 __bss_start
68: 0000000000400541 21 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 main
69: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
70: 0000000000601038 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 25 __TMC_END__
71: 0000000000000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
72: 00000000004003c8 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init
3.6 -n
# readelf -n test
Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000254 with length 0x00000020:
Owner Data size Description
GNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)
OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.32
Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000274 with length 0x00000024:
Owner Data size Description
GNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)
Build ID: 86febe6b7e9155bf559d0667e18b029d66e5749a
3.7 -d
# readelf -d test
Dynamic section at offset 0xe28 contains 24 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x4003c8
0x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x4005d4
0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x600e10
0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)
0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x600e18
0x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0x400298
0x0000000000000005 (STRTAB) 0x400318
0x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB) 0x4002b8
0x000000000000000a (STRSZ) 63 (bytes)
0x000000000000000b (SYMENT) 24 (bytes)
0x0000000000000015 (DEBUG) 0x0
0x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT) 0x601000
0x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ) 48 (bytes)
0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL) RELA
0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL) 0x400398
0x0000000000000007 (RELA) 0x400380
0x0000000000000008 (RELASZ) 24 (bytes)
0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT) 24 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x400360
0x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 1
0x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x400358
0x0000000000000000 (NULL) 0x0
4 size
查看目标文件中的段大小
如下：
# size test
text data bss dec hex filename
1261 552 8 1821 71d test
上面显示了代码段、数据段、BSS段的大小，其中.rdata段被分到代码段中；.idata段被划分到数据段中。
使用-A指令可以看到更详细的信息：
# size -A test
test :
section size addr
.interp 28 4194872
.note.ABI-tag 32 4194900
.note.gnu.build-id 36 4194932
.gnu.hash 28 4194968
.dynsym 96 4195000
.dynstr 63 4195096
.gnu.version 8 4195160
.gnu.version_r 32 4195168
.rela.dyn 24 4195200
.rela.plt 48 4195224
.init 26 4195272
.plt 48 4195312
.plt.got 8 4195360
.text 418 4195376
.fini 9 4195796
.rodata 21 4195808
.eh_frame_hdr 60 4195832
.eh_frame 276 4195896
.init_array 8 6295056
.fini_array 8 6295064
.jcr 8 6295072
.dynamic 464 6295080
.got 8 6295544
.got.plt 40 6295552
.data 16 6295592
.bss 8 6295608
.comment 53 0
.debug_aranges 48 0
.debug_info 174 0
.debug_abbrev 66 0
.debug_line 72 0
.debug_str 206 0
Total 2440
5 objdump
查看程序中的调试信息和段信息，也可以对程序进行反汇编。
查看信息：
后跟-h选项用来查看信息
# objdump -h test
test: file format elf64-x86-64
Sections:
Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn
0 .interp 0000001c 0000000000400238 0000000000400238 00000238 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020 0000000000400254 0000000000400254 00000254 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
2 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 0000000000400274 0000000000400274 00000274 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
3 .gnu.hash 0000001c 0000000000400298 0000000000400298 00000298 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
4 .dynsym 00000060 00000000004002b8 00000000004002b8 000002b8 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
5 .dynstr 0000003f 0000000000400318 0000000000400318 00000318 2**0
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
6 .gnu.version 00000008 0000000000400358 0000000000400358 00000358 2**1
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
7 .gnu.version_r 00000020 0000000000400360 0000000000400360 00000360 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
8 .rela.dyn 00000018 0000000000400380 0000000000400380 00000380 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
9 .rela.plt 00000030 0000000000400398 0000000000400398 00000398 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
10 .init 0000001a 00000000004003c8 00000000004003c8 000003c8 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
11 .plt 00000030 00000000004003f0 00000000004003f0 000003f0 2**4
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
12 .plt.got 00000008 0000000000400420 0000000000400420 00000420 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
13 .text 000001a2 0000000000400430 0000000000400430 00000430 2**4
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
14 .fini 00000009 00000000004005d4 00000000004005d4 000005d4 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE
15 .rodata 00000015 00000000004005e0 00000000004005e0 000005e0 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
16 .eh_frame_hdr 0000003c 00000000004005f8 00000000004005f8 000005f8 2**2
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
17 .eh_frame 00000114 0000000000400638 0000000000400638 00000638 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA
18 .init_array 00000008 0000000000600e10 0000000000600e10 00000e10 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
19 .fini_array 00000008 0000000000600e18 0000000000600e18 00000e18 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
20 .jcr 00000008 0000000000600e20 0000000000600e20 00000e20 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
21 .dynamic 000001d0 0000000000600e28 0000000000600e28 00000e28 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
22 .got 00000008 0000000000600ff8 0000000000600ff8 00000ff8 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
23 .got.plt 00000028 0000000000601000 0000000000601000 00001000 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
24 .data 00000010 0000000000601028 0000000000601028 00001028 2**3
CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA
25 .bss 00000008 0000000000601038 0000000000601038 00001038 2**0
ALLOC
26 .comment 00000035 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00001038 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY
27 .debug_aranges 00000030 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000106d 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
28 .debug_info 000000ae 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000109d 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
29 .debug_abbrev 00000042 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000114b 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
30 .debug_line 00000048 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000118d 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
31 .debug_str 000000ce 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000011d5 2**0
CONTENTS, READONLY, DEBUGGING
反汇编：
# objdump -d test
test: file format elf64-x86-64
Disassembly of section .init:
00000000004003c8 <_init>:
4003c8: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp
4003cc: 48 8b 05 25 0c 20 00 mov 0x200c25(%rip),%rax # 600ff8 <_DYNAMIC+0x1d0>
4003d3: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax
4003d6: 74 05 je 4003dd <_init+0x15>
4003d8: e8 43 00 00 00 callq 400420 <__libc_start_main@plt+0x10>
4003dd: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp
4003e1: c3 retq
Disassembly of section .plt:
00000000004003f0 <printf@plt-0x10>:
4003f0: ff 35 12 0c 20 00 pushq 0x200c12(%rip) # 601008 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x8>
4003f6: ff 25 14 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c14(%rip) # 601010 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x10>
4003fc: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)
0000000000400400 <printf@plt>:
400400: ff 25 12 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c12(%rip) # 601018 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x18>
400406: 68 00 00 00 00 pushq $0x0
40040b: e9 e0 ff ff ff jmpq 4003f0 <_init+0x28>
0000000000400410 <__libc_start_main@plt>:
400410: ff 25 0a 0c 20 00 jmpq *0x200c0a(%rip) # 601020 <_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_+0x20>
400416: 68 01 00 00 00 pushq $0x1
40041b: e9 d0 ff ff ff jmpq 4003f0 <_init+0x28>
Disassembly of section .plt.got:
0000000000400420 <.plt.got>:
400420: ff 25 d2 0b 20 00 jmpq *0x200bd2(%rip) # 600ff8 <_DYNAMIC+0x1d0>
400426: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax
Disassembly of section .text:
0000000000400430 <_start>:
400430: 31 ed xor %ebp,%ebp
400432: 49 89 d1 mov %rdx,%r9
400435: 5e pop %rsi
400436: 48 89 e2 mov %rsp,%rdx
400439: 48 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp
40043d: 50 push %rax
40043e: 54 push %rsp
40043f: 49 c7 c0 d0 05 40 00 mov $0x4005d0,%r8
400446: 48 c7 c1 60 05 40 00 mov $0x400560,%rcx
40044d: 48 c7 c7 41 05 40 00 mov $0x400541,%rdi
400454: e8 b7 ff ff ff callq 400410 <__libc_start_main@plt>
400459: f4 hlt
40045a: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0000000000400460 <deregister_tm_clones>:
400460: b8 3f 10 60 00 mov $0x60103f,%eax
400465: 55 push %rbp
400466: 48 2d 38 10 60 00 sub $0x601038,%rax
40046c: 48 83 f8 0e cmp $0xe,%rax
400470: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400473: 76 1b jbe 400490 <deregister_tm_clones+0x30>
400475: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
40047a: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax
40047d: 74 11 je 400490 <deregister_tm_clones+0x30>
40047f: 5d pop %rbp
400480: bf 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%edi
400485: ff e0 jmpq *%rax
400487: 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
40048e: 00 00
400490: 5d pop %rbp
400491: c3 retq
400492: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)
400496: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
40049d: 00 00 00
00000000004004a0 <register_tm_clones>:
4004a0: be 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%esi
4004a5: 55 push %rbp
4004a6: 48 81 ee 38 10 60 00 sub $0x601038,%rsi
4004ad: 48 c1 fe 03 sar $0x3,%rsi
4004b1: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
4004b4: 48 89 f0 mov %rsi,%rax
4004b7: 48 c1 e8 3f shr $0x3f,%rax
4004bb: 48 01 c6 add %rax,%rsi
4004be: 48 d1 fe sar %rsi
4004c1: 74 15 je 4004d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>
4004c3: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
4004c8: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax
4004cb: 74 0b je 4004d8 <register_tm_clones+0x38>
4004cd: 5d pop %rbp
4004ce: bf 38 10 60 00 mov $0x601038,%edi
4004d3: ff e0 jmpq *%rax
4004d5: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax)
4004d8: 5d pop %rbp
4004d9: c3 retq
4004da: 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
00000000004004e0 <__do_global_dtors_aux>:
4004e0: 80 3d 51 0b 20 00 00 cmpb $0x0,0x200b51(%rip) # 601038 <__TMC_END__>
4004e7: 75 11 jne 4004fa <__do_global_dtors_aux+0x1a>
4004e9: 55 push %rbp
4004ea: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
4004ed: e8 6e ff ff ff callq 400460 <deregister_tm_clones>
4004f2: 5d pop %rbp
4004f3: c6 05 3e 0b 20 00 01 movb $0x1,0x200b3e(%rip) # 601038 <__TMC_END__>
4004fa: f3 c3 repz retq
4004fc: 0f 1f 40 00 nopl 0x0(%rax)
0000000000400500 <frame_dummy>:
400500: bf 20 0e 60 00 mov $0x600e20,%edi
400505: 48 83 3f 00 cmpq $0x0,(%rdi)
400509: 75 05 jne 400510 <frame_dummy+0x10>
40050b: eb 93 jmp 4004a0 <register_tm_clones>
40050d: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax)
400510: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
400515: 48 85 c0 test %rax,%rax
400518: 74 f1 je 40050b <frame_dummy+0xb>
40051a: 55 push %rbp
40051b: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40051e: ff d0 callq *%rax
400520: 5d pop %rbp
400521: e9 7a ff ff ff jmpq 4004a0 <register_tm_clones>
0000000000400526 <test_func>:
400526: 55 push %rbp
400527: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
40052a: be 26 05 40 00 mov $0x400526,%esi
40052f: bf e4 05 40 00 mov $0x4005e4,%edi
400534: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
400539: e8 c2 fe ff ff callq 400400 <printf@plt>
40053e: 90 nop
40053f: 5d pop %rbp
400540: c3 retq
0000000000400541 <main>:
400541: 55 push %rbp
400542: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
400545: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
40054a: e8 d7 ff ff ff callq 400526 <test_func>
40054f: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
400554: 5d pop %rbp
400555: c3 retq
400556: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
40055d: 00 00 00
0000000000400560 <__libc_csu_init>:
400560: 41 57 push %r15
400562: 41 56 push %r14
400564: 41 89 ff mov %edi,%r15d
400567: 41 55 push %r13
400569: 41 54 push %r12
40056b: 4c 8d 25 9e 08 20 00 lea 0x20089e(%rip),%r12 # 600e10 <__frame_dummy_init_array_entry>
400572: 55 push %rbp
400573: 48 8d 2d 9e 08 20 00 lea 0x20089e(%rip),%rbp # 600e18 <__init_array_end>
40057a: 53 push %rbx
40057b: 49 89 f6 mov %rsi,%r14
40057e: 49 89 d5 mov %rdx,%r13
400581: 4c 29 e5 sub %r12,%rbp
400584: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp
400588: 48 c1 fd 03 sar $0x3,%rbp
40058c: e8 37 fe ff ff callq 4003c8 <_init>
400591: 48 85 ed test %rbp,%rbp
400594: 74 20 je 4005b6 <__libc_csu_init+0x56>
400596: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx
400598: 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
40059f: 00
4005a0: 4c 89 ea mov %r13,%rdx
4005a3: 4c 89 f6 mov %r14,%rsi
4005a6: 44 89 ff mov %r15d,%edi
4005a9: 41 ff 14 dc callq *(%r12,%rbx,8)
4005ad: 48 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%rbx
4005b1: 48 39 eb cmp %rbp,%rbx
4005b4: 75 ea jne 4005a0 <__libc_csu_init+0x40>
4005b6: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp
4005ba: 5b pop %rbx
4005bb: 5d pop %rbp
4005bc: 41 5c pop %r12
4005be: 41 5d pop %r13
4005c0: 41 5e pop %r14
4005c2: 41 5f pop %r15
4005c4: c3 retq
4005c5: 90 nop
4005c6: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 nopw %cs:0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
4005cd: 00 00 00
00000000004005d0 <__libc_csu_fini>:
4005d0: f3 c3 repz retq
Disassembly of section .fini:
00000000004005d4 <_fini>:
4005d4: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp
4005d8: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp
4005dc: c3 retq
6 strings
查看目标文件中的字符串。
# strings test
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
libc.so.6
printf
__libc_start_main
__gmon_start__
GLIBC_2.2.5
UH-8
AWAVA
AUATL
[]A\\A]A^A_
func addr is:%p
;*3$"
GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 5.4.0 20160609
test_binutils.c
long unsigned int
short unsigned int
short int
test_func
test_binutils.c
unsigned char
long int
sizetype
main
GNU C11 5.4.0 20160609 -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -g -fstack-protector-strong
/home/test_demo
crtstuff.c
__JCR_LIST__
deregister_tm_clones
__do_global_dtors_aux
completed.7594
__do_global_dtors_aux_fini_array_entry
frame_dummy
__frame_dummy_init_array_entry
test_binutils.c
__FRAME_END__
__JCR_END__
__init_array_end
_DYNAMIC
__init_array_start
__GNU_EH_FRAME_HDR
_GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
__libc_csu_fini
_ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
_edata
printf@@GLIBC_2.2.5
test_func
__libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
__data_start
__gmon_start__
__dso_handle
_IO_stdin_used
__libc_csu_init
__bss_start
main
_Jv_RegisterClasses
__TMC_END__
_ITM_registerTMCloneTable
.symtab
.strtab
.shstrtab
.interp
.note.ABI-tag
.note.gnu.build-id
.gnu.hash
.dynsym
.dynstr
.gnu.version
.gnu.version_r
.rela.dyn
.rela.plt
.init
.plt.got
.text
.fini
.rodata
.eh_frame_hdr
.eh_frame
.init_array
.fini_array
.jcr
.dynamic
.got.plt
.data
.bss
.comment
.debug_aranges
.debug_info
.debug_abbrev
.debug_line
.debug_str
7 strip
剔除可执行程序中的调试信息，减小文件的大小。
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