ESP32上手笔记 | 06 -驱动1.3‘ ST7789 SPI屏幕(TFT_eSPI)

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一、TFT_eSPI库

TFT_eSPI是用于TFT-LCD液晶屏的Arduino图形库,支持多种平台,多种LCD驱动IC。

1. 安装库

下载库:https://github.com/Bodmer/TFT_eSPI

git clone https://github.com/Bodmer/TFT_eSPI.git

下载之后放到platformIO工程的lib文件夹中。

2. 使用库

2.1. 头文件

#include <TFT_eSPI.h>

2.2. 配置文件

(1)用户设置文件User_Setup.h

① 选择屏幕使用的驱动IC:

② 设置屏幕分辨率

③ 设置屏幕引脚

(2)选择使用用户配置文件User_Setup_Select.h

2.3. 设置API

(1)创建对象(构造函数)

TFT_eSPI(int16_t _W = TFT_WIDTH, int16_t _H = TFT_HEIGHT);

(2)初始化

// init() and begin() are equivalent, begin() included for backwards compatibility
// Sketch defined tab colour option is for ST7735 displays only
void     init(uint8_t tc = TAB_COLOUR), begin(uint8_t tc = TAB_COLOUR);

(3)全屏填充(清屏)

void     fillScreen(uint32_t color),

(4)屏幕旋转

void     setRotation(uint8_t r); // Set the display image orientation to 0, 1, 2 or 3

2.4. 打点画线API

  // These are virtual so the TFT_eSprite class can override them with sprite specific functions
  virtual void     drawPixel(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t color),
                   drawChar(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint16_t c, uint32_t color, uint32_t bg, uint8_t size),
                   drawLine(int32_t xs, int32_t ys, int32_t xe, int32_t ye, uint32_t color),
                   drawFastVLine(int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t h, uint32_t color),
                   drawFastHLine(int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t w, uint32_t color),
                   fillRect(int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t w, int32_t h, uint32_t color);

2.5. tft.print()字体显示API

(1)为tft.print()设置坐标位置和字号

// Text rendering and font handling support funtions
  void     setCursor(int16_t x, int16_t y),                 // Set cursor for tft.print()
           setCursor(int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t font);   // Set cursor and font number for tft.print()

(2)为tft.print()设置字体颜色和大小

void     setTextColor(uint16_t color),                    // Set character (glyph) color only (background not over-written)
           setTextColor(uint16_t fgcolor, uint16_t bgcolor),// Set character (glyph) foreground and backgorund colour
           setTextSize(uint8_t size);                       // Set character size multiplier (this increases pixel size)

(3)显示字体

tft.print();

2.6. 字符串显示

// Text rendering - value returned is the pixel width of the rendered text
  int16_t  drawNumber(long intNumber, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font), // Draw integer using specified font number
           drawNumber(long intNumber, int32_t x, int32_t y),               // Draw integer using current font
           
           // Decimal is the number of decimal places to render
           // Use with setTextDatum() to position values on TFT, and setTextPadding() to blank old displayed values
           drawFloat(float floatNumber, uint8_t decimal, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font), // Draw float using specified font number
           drawFloat(float floatNumber, uint8_t decimal, int32_t x, int32_t y),               // Draw float using current font

           // Handle char arrays
           // Use with setTextDatum() to position string on TFT, and setTextPadding() to blank old displayed strings
           drawString(const char *string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font),  // Draw string using specified font number
           drawString(const char *string, int32_t x, int32_t y),                // Draw string using current font
           drawString(const String& string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font),// Draw string using specified font number
           drawString(const String& string, int32_t x, int32_t y),              // Draw string using current font

           drawCentreString(const char *string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font),  // Deprecated, use setTextDatum() and drawString()
           drawRightString(const char *string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font),   // Deprecated, use setTextDatum() and drawString()
           drawCentreString(const String& string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font),// Deprecated, use setTextDatum() and drawString()
           drawRightString(const String& string, int32_t x, int32_t y, uint8_t font); // Deprecated, use setTextDatum() and drawString()

2.7. 位图显示API

// Draw bitmap
  void     drawBitmap( int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t fgcolor),
           drawBitmap( int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t fgcolor, uint16_t bgcolor),
           drawXBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t fgcolor),
           drawXBitmap(int16_t x, int16_t y, const uint8_t *bitmap, int16_t w, int16_t h, uint16_t fgcolor, uint16_t bgcolor),
           setBitmapColor(uint16_t fgcolor, uint16_t bgcolor); // Define the 2 colours for 1bpp sprites

2.8. 图片显示


二、驱动ST7789 240*240屏幕

1. 硬件连接

模块引脚作用ESP32引脚
GNDGND
VCC电源3V3
SCLSPI时钟信号线GPIO18
SDASPI数据线GPIO23
RES复位引脚,低电平有效GPIO17
DCSPI数据/指令引脚GPIO16
BLK背光引脚,高电平打开,默认打开GPIO4

2. 简单的测试代码

先来简单的测试一下清屏,看是否可以点亮:

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h>

TFT_eSPI tft;

void setup() 
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // lcd init
    tft.init();
    tft.fillScreen(TFT_GREEN);
    Serial.println("screen init success.");


void loop() 


编译,烧录,屏幕OK:

3. 字符显示测试代码

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <TFT_eSPI.h>

TFT_eSPI tft;

void setup() 
    Serial.begin(115200);
    
    // lcd init
    tft.init();
    tft.fillScreen(TFT_WHITE);
    Serial.println("screen init success.");

    // lcd test
    tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK);
    tft.setCursor (12, 5);
    tft.print("Original ADAfruit font!");

    // The new larger fonts do not use the .setCursor call, coords are embedded
    tft.setTextColor(TFT_BLACK, TFT_BLACK); // Do not plot the background colour

    // Overlay the black text on top of the rainbow plot (the advantage of not drawing the backgorund colour!)
    tft.drawCentreString("Font size 2", 120, 14, 2); // Draw text centre at position 80, 12 using font 2

    tft.drawCentreString("Font size 4", 120, 30, 4); // Draw text centre at position 80, 24 using font 4

    tft.drawCentreString("12.34", 120, 54, 6); // Draw text centre at position 80, 24 using font 6

    tft.drawCentreString("12.34 is in font size 6", 120, 92, 2); // Draw text centre at position 80, 90 using font 2


void loop() 


测试效果如下(原来drawCentreString这个API是以给定的x,y作为中心显示的,不是在屏幕这一行居中显示):

三、中文显示

1. 中文字库制作

参考文章:Arduino TFT_eSPI 中文字库制作

(1)字库制作工具

TFT_eSPI在 Tools\\Create_Smooth_Font\\Create_font目录下提供了字库制作工具,使用processing打开,先不要运行。

(2)准备ttf字体文件

下载微软雅黑tft字库(商用需授权):https://www.ztxz.org.cn/weiruan/2613.html

微软雅黑.ttf 放置到工具的data目录中,processing这个IDE好像不支持中文,重命名为yahei.ttf

(3)制作需要的字库

设置使用的字体文件:

修改字体大小,这里我设置为24*24:

添加指定范围的unicodeBlocks:

static final int[] unicodeBlocks = 
	0x0030, 0x0039, //Example custom range (numbers 0-9)
 	0x0041, 0x005A, //Example custom range (Upper case A-Z)
 	0x0061, 0x007A, //Example custom range (Lower case a-z)
;

添加自定义汉字的unicode码:

// Here we specify particular individual Unicodes to be included (appended at end of selected range)
static final int[] specificUnicodes = 
  // Chinese 
  0x4f60, 0x597d, 0xff0c, 0x4e16, 0x754c, 0xff01,
;

修改完成,运行,工具会显示出制作了哪些字符:

弹出.vlw格式文件所在位置,在工具的FontFiles目录下,找到yahei24.vlw文件。
(4)转换vlw文件

转换工具:https://tomeko.net/online_tools/file_to_hex.php?lang=zh

将生成的数据拷贝为数组,新建font_yahei24.h文件:

#include <pgmspace.h>
#ifndef _FONT_YAHEI24_H_
#define _FONT_YAHEI24_H_

const uint8_t  font_yahei24[] PROGMEM = 
	// 软件生成的字库数据
;
#endif

2. 中文字库的使用

font_yahei24.h文件拷贝到polatformIO工程的include文件夹。

然后修改代码,添加头文件:

#include "font_yahei24.h"

添加加载字库并显示的代码:

// Draw Chinese
tft.loadFont(font_yahei24);
tft.drawString("你好,世界!", 0, 0);
tft.drawString("Hello World", 0, 30);
tft.drawString("0123456789", 0, 60);
tft.unloadFont();

效果如下:

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