Javaspring事务的实现方式

Posted 2022-03-15 sysu_lluozh

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一、编程式事务管理

编程式事务管理，在代码中调用commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法

maven pom.xml文件

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
	<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
	<version>5.1.18</version>
</dependency>

编程式事务管理，可以通过java.sql.Connection控制事务

spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
	<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
 
	<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
		<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
		<constructor-arg index="1">
			<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="2">
			<value>root</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="3">
			<value>root</value>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest 
 
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 
		testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务
	
	
	private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException 
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
		DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");
		Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
		try 
			initTable(conn);//初始化表
			conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务
			queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
			deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户
			conn.rollback();//回滚
			queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
		 finally 
			conn.close();
		
	
 
	private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException 
		conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
		conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务
		conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
		conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
	
 
	private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException 
		conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
	
 
	private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException 
		Statement st = conn.createStatement();
		st.execute("select * from user");
		ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
		while (rs.next()) 
			System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));
			System.out.print(" ");
			System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));
			System.out.println();

删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户

1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2

二、声明式事务管理

2.1 基于TransactionProxyFactoryBean的声明式事务管理

新增UserDao接口

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
public interface UserDao 
 
	/**
	 * 查询用户
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers();
	
	/**
	 * 删除用户
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public int deleteUser(int id);

新增UserDao实现

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao 
	
	/**
	 * 查询用户
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() 
		String sql = "select * from user";
		return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
	
	
	/**
	 * 删除用户
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public int deleteUser(int id)
		String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
		int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
		if (id == 1) 
			throw new RuntimeException();
		
		return result;

修改spring配置文件
添加事务管理器DataSourceTransactionManager和事务代理类TransactionProxyFactoryBean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
	<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
	
	<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
		<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
		<constructor-arg index="1">
			<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="2">
			<value>root</value>
		</constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg index="3">
			<value>root</value>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property>
		<property name="target" ref="userDao"></property>
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<!-- 主要 key 是方法   
					ISOLATION_DEFAULT  事务的隔离级别
					PROPAGATION_REQUIRED  传播行为
				-->
				<!-- -Exception 表示发生指定异常回滚，+Exception 表示发生指定异常提交 -->
				<prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest 
 
	static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 
		testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean
	
	
	private static void testUseTransactionProxy() 
		final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");
		printUsers(userDao);//打印用户
		userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户
	
 
	private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) 
		for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) 
			System.out.println(user);

结果输出

id=1, username=user1
id=2, username=user2
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
	at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
	at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
	at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
	at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

数据库操作结果

2.2 基于注解@Transactional的声明式事务管理

添加@Transactional注解
UserDaoImpl删除用户方法添加注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)，出现 RuntimeException回滚

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao 
	
	/**
	 * 查询用户
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() 
		String sql = "select * from user";
		return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
	
	
	/**
	 * 删除用户
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
	public int deleteUser(int id)
		String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
		int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
		if (id == 1) 
			throw new RuntimeException();
		
		return result;

修改spring配置文件
开启spring的事务注解能力

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
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