HCIA路由实验-OSPF和静态路由配置

Posted 2022-02-05 朔方鸟

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一、OSPF实验

OSPF是指开放式最短路径优先协议，其具有灵活性好、易于扩展的特性，同时，其具有较高的可靠性。

OSPF的更新为触发更新，其建立路由表的过程如下：

① 建立邻居关系（确认其他路由器是否开启OSPF）

② 泛洪LSA（发送LSA）

③ 收集全网LSA得到LSDB(链路状态数据库)

④ 以自身为根计算最优路径

以下是OSPF动态路由实验的基本步骤：

实验拓扑如下：

步骤一：如图配置路由器的IP地址

对R1：

[R1]int lo 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

对R2：

[R2]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 24

对R3：

[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.3 24

对R4：

[R4]int lo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.4 24

步骤二：进行OSPF配置

对R1：

[R1]ospf 1 
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

对R2：

[R2]ospf  
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

对R3：

[R3]ospf  
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

对R4：

[R4]ospf  
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

验证：

① 查看OSPF邻居关系是否建立

对R1：

[R1]dis ospf peer brief 

	 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
		  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             2.2.2.2          2-Way       
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             3.3.3.3          Full        
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             4.4.4.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

② 查看路由器之间能否相互ping通（这里以R1为例）

对R1：

[R1]ping 2.2.2.2 
  PING 2.2.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 2.2.2.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/50/60 ms

[R1]ping 3.3.3.3
  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 3.3.3.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/70 ms

[R1]ping 4.4.4.4
  PING 4.4.4.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=60 ms

  --- 4.4.4.4 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 50/56/60 ms

路由器之间可以ping通，实验完成。

OSPF实验扩展：

① 修改R3 Router-id 为 3.3.3.3

对R3：

[R3]router id 3.3.3.3

② 修改R3 的 dr 优先级为100

[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 100

③ 修改R3的OSPF的cost值为1000

[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf cost 1000

④ 修改R3的参考带宽为1000

[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000

二、静态路由

静态路由指由网络管理员手动配置的路由条目，适用于对系统要求低的简单小型网络，与动态路由相比，其不能自适应网络变化，需人为干预。

以下是配置静态路由的基本步骤：

实验拓扑如下：

实验说明：实验效果为每台设备可到达其它设备的loopback接口的IP

实验步骤：

步骤一：如图配置路由器的IP地址

对R1：

[R1]int lo 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

对R2：

[R2]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 24

对R3：

[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.3 24

对R4：

[R4]int lo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.4 24

步骤二：进行静态路由配置

对R1：

[R1]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 192.168.1.2 
[R1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.1.3 
[R1]ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 192.168.1.4

对R2：

[R2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.1.1 
[R2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.1.3 
[R2]ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 192.168.1.4

对R3：

[R3]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.1.1 
[R3]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 192.168.1.2 
[R3]ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 192.168.1.4

对R4：

[R4]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.1.1
[R4]ip route-static 2.2.2.2 32 192.168.1.2 
[R4]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.1.3

验证：路由器的loopback接口可互相通信（这里以R1为例）

对R1:

[R1]ping 2.2.2.2 
  PING 2.2.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 2.2.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 2.2.2.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms

[R1]ping 3.3.3.3 
  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=110 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=70 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 3.3.3.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/60/110 ms

[R1]ping 4.4.4.4
  PING 4.4.4.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=90 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 4.4.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=60 ms

  --- 4.4.4.4 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/60/90 ms

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