腾讯云联网环境下搭建kubernetes集群
Posted saynaihe
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背景：
网络环境参照：云联网体验，上海 北京两个vpc网络。服务器分布如下：
讲一下为什么使用TencentOS Server 3.1 (TK4)的系统。还不是因为centos8不提供长期维护了…，顺便体验一下腾讯云开源的tencentos.详情见腾讯云官网：https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/213/38027。毕竟是与centos8兼容的，按照centos8的搭建kubernetes的流程搭建一遍kubernetes体验一下跨区域是否可行！
基本规划：
注：嗯多区域打散比较也可以高可用！
| ip | hostname | 所在区域 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.10.2.8 | sh-master-01 | 上海2区 | |
| 10.10.2.10 | sh-master-02 | 上海2区 | |
| 10.10.5.4 | sh-master-03 | 上海5区 | |
| 10.10.4.7 | sh-work-01 | 上海4区 | |
| 10.10.4.14 | sh-work-02 | 上海4区 | |
| 10.10.12.9 | bj-work-01 | 北京5区 |
创建一个内网负载均衡slb，做apiserver的vip,过去一直用的传统型，现在只有应用型负载均衡了…
系统初始化
注：1-12为所有节点执行
1.更改主机名
注：主机名没有初始化的修改主机名
[root@VM-2-8-centos ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname sh-master-01
[root@VM-2-8-centos ~]# cat /etc/hostname
sh-master-01
其他几台同样的方式
2. 关闭swap交换分区
swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
3. 关闭selinux
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# setenforce 0
ssive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/configsetenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
4. 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld
chkconfig firewalld off
注：都没有安装firewalld and iptables可以忽略
5. 调整文件打开数等配置
cat> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nproc 1000000
* hard nproc 1000000
* soft nofile 1000000
* hard nofile 1000000
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
当然了貌似tencentos limits.d目录下有个80-nofile.conf，修改配置文件可以都放在这里。这样可以避免修改主文件
6. yum update
yum update
yum -y install gcc bc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake elfutils-libelf-devel openssl-devel flex* bison* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel jemalloc-devel tlc libtool vim unzip wget lrzsz bash-comp* ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat conntrack libseccomp conntrack-tools socat curl wget git conntrack-tools psmisc nfs-utils tree bash-completion conntrack libseccomp net-tools crontabs sysstat iftop nload strace bind-utils tcpdump htop telnet lsof
当然了 我这里忽略了…我cvm初始化一般会用oneinstack的脚本完成初始化一下
7. ipvs添加
tencentos的系统内核是5.4.119
:> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
module=(
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
br_netfilter
)
for kernel_module in $module[@];do
/sbin/modinfo -F filename $kernel_module |& grep -qv ERROR && echo $kernel_module >> /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf || :
done
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
验证ipvs是否加载成功
# lsmod | grep ip_vs
ip_vs_sh 16384 0
ip_vs_wrr 16384 0
ip_vs_rr 16384 5
ip_vs 151552 11 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack 114688 5 xt_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_netlink,xt_MASQUERADE,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6 20480 2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
8. 优化系统参数(不一定是最优，各取所有)
oneinstack默认的 初始化安装的，先不改了，慢慢看 。等一会有问题了找问题
cat /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
fs.file-max=1000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 3600
9. containerd安装
dnf 与yum centos8的变化，具体的自己去看了呢。差不多吧…,添加阿里云的源习惯了如下：
dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像，编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2"
# 重启containerd
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart containerd
看来还是搞不定…匹配的版本不对啊哈哈哈，咋整？
找一下腾讯的源试一下，当然了先删除一下阿里的源：
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum clean all
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/
dnf install dnf-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install -y containerd.io
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 替换 containerd 默认的 sand_box 镜像，编辑 /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2"
# 重启containerd
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart containerd
依然如此…没有自己匹配一下系统啊…咋整？手动修改一下？
成功了，这里也希望tencentos能够自己支持一下常用的yum源…别让我手动转换啊
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# 重启containerd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart containerd
systemctl status containerd
10. 配置 CRI 客户端 crictl
注：貌似有版本匹配的
VERSION="v1.22.0"
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/$VERSION/crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin
rm -f crictl-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz
也可能下不动，github下载到桌面，手动上传吧…
cat <<EOF > /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: false
EOF
# 验证是否可用（可以顺便验证一下私有仓库）
crictl pull nginx:alpine
crictl rmi nginx:alpine
crictl images
嗯 修改一下/etc/containerd/config.toml 中**[plugins.“io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri”.registry.mirrors.“docker.io”]中endpoint**为阿里云的加速器地址（当然 了也可以是其他加速器的），另外， [plugins.“io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri”.containerd.runtimes.runc.options]也添加了SystemdCgroup = true
endpoint 更换为阿里云加速器地址：https://2lefsjdg.mirror.aliyuncs.com
重启containerd服务重新下载镜像验证：
systemctl restart containerd.service
crictl pull nginx:alpine
OK
11. 安装 Kubeadm(centos8没有对应yum源使用centos7的阿里云yum源)
注：为什么安装1.21.3版本呢？因为我线上的也是1.21.3版本的。正好到时候测试一下升级
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# 删除旧版本，如果安装了
yum remove kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni cri-tools socat
# 查看所有可安装版本 下面两个都可以啊
# yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 安装指定版本用下面的命令
# yum -y install kubeadm-1.21.3 kubectl-1.21.3 kubelet-1.21.3
or
# 安装默认最新稳定版本，当前版本1.22.4
#yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet.service
当然了，这里也可以直接使用腾讯云的源了…道理一样。
12. 修改kubelet配置
vi /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS= --cgroup-driver=systemd --container-runtime=remote --container-runtime-endpoint=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
master节点额外操作：
1. 安装haproxy
注：三台master节点都要安装haproxy，以及相关配置…
yum install haproxy
cat <<EOF > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode tcp
log global
option tcplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes
bind *:8443 #配置端口为8443
mode tcp
default_backend kubernetes
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes #后端服务器，也就是说访问10.3.2.12:6443会将请求转发到后端的三台，这样就实现了负载均衡
balance roundrobin
server master1 10.10.2.8:6443 check maxconn 2000
server master2 10.10.2.10:6443 check maxconn 2000
server master3 10.10.5.4:6443 check maxconn 2000
EOF
systemctl enable haproxy && systemctl start haproxy && systemctl status haproxy
登陆腾讯云负载均衡管理后台：https://console.cloud.tencent.com/clb，创建TCP监听器命名k8s监听6443端口，后端服务绑定三台master节点 8443端口，权重默认10没有修改。
2. sh-master-01节点生成配置文件
注：当然了 也可以是sh-master-02 or sh-master-03节点
kubeadm config print init-defaults > config.yaml
修改一下配置文件如下：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 10.10.2.8
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock
name: sh-master-01
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
certSANs:
- sh-master-01
- sh-master-02
- sh-master-03
- sh-master.k8s.io
- localhost
- 127.0.0.1
- 10.10.2.8
- 10.10.2.10
- 10.10.5.4
- 10.10.2.4
- xx.xx.xx.xx
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.10.2.4:6443"
controllerManager:
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.21.3
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 172.31.0.0/16
scheduler:
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs
ipvs:
excludeCIDRs: null
minSyncPeriod: 0s
scheduler: "rr"
strictARP: false
syncPeriod: 15s
iptables:
masqueradeAll: true
masqueradeBit: 14
minSyncPeriod: 0s
syncPeriod: 30s
增加了ipvs的配置，指定了service的subnet,还有国内的镜像仓库，xx.xx.xx.xx是我预留了一个ip（可以预留ip的,方便以后扩容主节点起码）
3. kubeadm master-01节点初始化
kubeadm init --config /root/config.yaml
注：下面截图跟上面命令不匹配，因为我开始想安装cilium来…结果失败了哈哈哈还是先搞一下calico吧
嗯 优化系统参数的时候没有搞上net.ipv4.ip_forward 强调一下,sysctl -w是临时的哦
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
长久的还是再配置文件中加一下：
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
fs.file-max=1000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 6553500
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 3600
EOF
sysctl --system
注：所有节点执行
kubeadm init --config /root/config.yaml
4. sh-master-02,sh-master-03控制平面节点加入集群
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
按照输出sh-master-02 ，sh-master-03节点加入集群
将sh-master-01 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下ca.* sa.* front-proxy-ca.* etcd/ca* 打包分发到sh-master-02,sh-master-03 /etc/kubernetes/pki目录下
kubeadm join 10.10.2.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccfd4e2b85a6a07fde8580422769c9e14113e8f05e95272e51cca2f13b0eb8c3 --control-plan
然后同sh-master-01一样执行一遍下面的命令：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo \\cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get nodes
嗯 由于没有安装cni 网络插件都是notready状态。
work节点加入集群
kubeadm join 10.10.2.4:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ccfd4e2b85a6a07fde8580422769c9e14113e8f05e95272e51cca2f13b0eb8c3
首先cnn管理控制台先购买了1Mbps的带宽，毕竟是做一下测试：
安装cni网络插件
初步先跑一下简单的calico了（搞flannel cilium开始没有整起来。先跑通一个算一个。其他的后面慢慢学习优化）
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.11/manifests/calico.yaml -O
sed -i -e "s?192.168.0.0/16?172.31.0.0/16?g" calico.yaml
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -o kube-system -o wide
注： 我还额外在腾讯云私有网络控制台添加了辅助cidr,我在想这样的话我跟其他区域的容器网络是不是也可以互通？还没有测试…就是想起来添加一下了:
[
](https://console.cloud.tencent.com/vpc/vpc?rid=4)
做一下简单的ping测试：
1. 上海区部署两个pod
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx:alpine
name: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox:1.28.4
command:
- sleep
- "3600"
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
restartPolicy: Always
EOF
嗯 都跑在了上海区
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 14 14h 172.31.45.132 sh-work-01 <none> <none>
nginx-7fb7fd49b4-zrg77 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.45.131 sh-work-01 <none> <none>
2. nodeSelector调度在北京区启动一个pod
然后我还想启动一个pod运行在北京区，怎么搞？偷个懒 打标签，nodeSelector调度吧！
kubectl label node bj-work-01 zone=beijing
cat nginx1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
run: nginx1
name: nginx1
spec:
nodeSelector: #将pod部署到指定标签为zone 为beijing的节点上
zone: "beijing"
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx1
resources:
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
status:
kubectl apply -f nginx1.yaml
[root@sh-master-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 14 14h 172.31.45.132 sh-work-01 <none> <none>
nginx-7fb7fd49b4-zrg77 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.45.131 sh-work-01 <none> <none>
nginx1 1/1 Running 0 14h 172.31.89.194 bj-work-01 <none> <none>
3. ping 测试
在sh-master-02节点ping 北京pod 与上海pod的ping值
exec 上海的pod ping 上海与北京的pod的ping值
基本都是差不多的样子。主要是想验证一下是否可以跨区域vpc去搭建kubernetes集群的可行性。网络质量什么的还没有想好怎么测试。只是抛砖引玉。云上是很大程度上方便了许多。起码bgp什么的配置的都相对省略了。如果有云上跨区域搭建kubernetes集群的可以参考一下。
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