Python3中__call__方法介绍

Posted 2022-02-01 fengbingchun

      如果Python3类中有__call__方法，那么此类实例的行为类似于函数并且可以像函数一样被调用。当实例作为函数被调用时，如果定义了此方法，则x(arg1, arg2, …)是x.__call__(arg1, arg2, …)的简写。

      为了将一个类实例当作函数调用，我们需要在类中实现__call__()方法。该方法的功能类似于在类中重载()运算符，使得类实例对象可以像调用普通函数那样，以”对象名()”的形式使用。

      以下为测试代码：

var = 2
if var == 1:
    # https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/__call__-in-python/
    class Example:
        def __init__(self):
            print("Instance Created")

        # Defining __call__ method
        def __call__(self):
            print("Instance is called via special method")

    e = Example() # Instance created # __init__ method will be called
    e() # Instance is called via special method # __call__ method will be called
elif var == 2:
    class Product:
        def __init__(self):
            print("Instance Created")

        # Defining __call__ method
        def __call__(self, a, b): # 可以定义任意参数
            print(a * b)

    ans = Product()  # Instance created # __init__ method will be called
    ans(10, 20) # 200 # __call__ method will be called
    ans.__call__(10, 20) # 等价于ans(10, 20)

print("test finish")

      GitHub：https://github.com/fengbingchun/Python_Test