英语基础-语法总结
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1. As的用法总结
1. As + 名词
此时as作介词，后加名词，翻译成 “作为”
As students, we should spare no effort to study.
作为学生，我们应该不遗余力的学习。
As a matter of fact, I have a passion for football.
事实上，我很热爱足球。
As a result, he got an opportunity to talk with the girl.
结果，他得到一个和女孩交谈的机会。
As a consequence of his hard work, he was admitted to Peking University.
由于他的努力学习，他被北京大学录取了。
常见搭配
as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上
as a result/consequence 结果，因此
as a result of 由于，因为;当做是...的结果
as a rule 规章，规则；通常，照例
as a general rule 一般说来
as regards 关于，至于
as follows 如下
as a whole 总体上
as far as I know 据我所知
as far as I am concerned 就我而言
2. 动词 + 名词 + as
此时as还是介词，意思取决于前面的动词。
注意：动词和as中间有名词，假如没有，翻译时查看是否被放在别的地方。
常见词组：
consider...as…
think of…as…
regard... as...
view... as...
define... as...
classify... as...
People consider a diploma of a famous university as a bridge to a brighter future.
人们认为名牌大学的文凭是通向更光明未来的桥梁。
In contemporary society, people tend to define big eyes as beauty.
在当代社会，人们倾向于把大眼睛定义为美。
They classify pizza as junk food.
他们把披萨归类为垃圾食品。
3. As 引导定语从句
as可以引导修饰整个句子的定语从句，which也可以， 但 which只能放在句末，as则可前可后。
As we know, respecting senior citizens proves a Chinese traditional virtue.
我们知道，尊重老人是中国的传统美德。
The team won the game with all their efforts, as made their boss exceedingly cheerful.
这个队伍竭尽全力的赢得了比赛，这使他们的老板非常高兴。
4. As 引导状语从句
as引导状语从句，具体意思具体分析
In the morning, as the music is played, senior ladies sing as they dance in the park. Meanwhile, youngsters run by the lake as they expect to keep fit. Tired as they are, they feel not only delighted but also proud.
早上，随着音乐的播放，年长的女士们一边唱歌一边在公园里跳舞。与此同时，年轻人在湖边跑步，因为他们希望保持健康。虽然他们很累，但他们不仅感到高兴，而且感到自豪。
On the contrary, students do not waste their time, and they should study hard as their teacher tells them. As you can see, they are reading books as diligently as bees among the flowers.
相反，学生不要浪费他们的时间，他们应该像老师告诉他们的那样努力学习。正如你所看到的，他们正在勤奋地读书，就像花丛中的蜜蜂一样。
引导时间状语从句
As the music is played, senior ladies sing as they dance in the park.
引导原因状语从句
Meanwhile, youngsters run by the lake as they expect to keep fit.
引导让步状语从句
Tired as they are, they feel not only delighted but also proud.
引导方式状语从句
On the contrary, students do not waste their time, and they should study hard as their teacher tells them.
引导比较状语从句
As you can see, they are reading books as diligently as bees among the flowers.
2. 定语和状语的翻译区别
The boy cried when he saw his mother.
那个男孩一看到他妈妈就哭了。
The lady who saw the boy smiled immediately.
看到男孩的女士立刻笑了。
I like the boy when I met him.
我一见到这个男孩就喜欢他。
1. 区分既像定语又像状语的情况
I like the boy in the supermarket.
定语：我喜欢超市里的那个男孩。
状语：在超市里，我喜欢这个男孩。
The man in the park sings a song.
定语：公园里的这个男人唱了一首歌。
状语：在公园里，这个男人唱了一首歌。
既像定语又像状语，优先翻译为定语。
2. 区分when 引导的是定语从句还是状语从句
I was doing my homework when my mom cleaned the room.
状语：我妈妈打扫房间时，我正在做作业。
I was doing my homework on that day when my mom cleaned the room.
定语：那天我妈妈打扫房间的时候我正在做作业。
区分的关键在于看when之前是不是表示时间的词。
如果是，那通常就是定语从句，when翻译为“当时,这时 ”；
如果不是表示时间的词，那通常是状语从句，
when前置翻译成“当……的时候”。
3. 区分where 引导的是定语从句还是状语从句
The birds sing songs where there is sunshine.
状语：有阳光的地方，鸟儿唱歌。
The birds sing songs at the place where there is sunshine.
定语：鸟儿在有阳光的地方唱歌。
区分的关键在于看where之前是不是表示地点的词。
试着翻译下列句子
你可以像猪一样生活，但是你永远不会像猪一样快乐。
You can live as if you are a pig. However, you are never happy.
在有水的地方 ，就有生命。
There is life where there is water.
There is life at the place where there is water.
虽然这个老人像年轻人一样充满活力，但是他没办法跑的和年轻人一样快。
As this old man is an energetic as young people, he can't run as faster as them.
读完这本书，我明白了有时候梦想实际上有时比苟活更重要。
Finishing reading this book, I understand that ideal sometimes is more important than humble existence.
如果你知道自己的目标是什么，那么你就要努力去实现。
If you know what your goal is, then you should make efforts to achieve it.
虽然污染越来越严重，人们逐渐意识到保护环境的重要性。他们认为政府应当采取相应的措施，以便改善空气质量。
More and more serious as the pollution is, citizens are gradually aware of the importance of environment protection. They harbor of idea that the authorities are supposed to take relevant messures to improve the air quality.
3. 句子成分总结
句子主干成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语；
句子修饰成分有：同位语、定语、状语、补语。
Ming , a diligent student , passed the examination yesterday.
小明是一个勤奋的同学，他昨天通过了考试。
He made his father delighted.
他让他爸爸特别开心。
His father is a doctor.
他的爸爸是一个医生。
I like her. She , however , doesn’t like me.
我喜欢她，然而，她不喜欢我。
1. 各个成分的总结如下：
主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句。
谓语：动词，带时态和语态的实义动词或系动词。
宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句。
表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语。
同位：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句。
定语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语。
状语：副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句。
2. 对于阅读中、写作中的句子，可以将结构归纳为：
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语/表语
谓语通常会有时态、语态 或情态变化，不一定只是一个动词。
We are playing basketball in the park.
我们在公园里打篮球。
When he was a kid cute as well as naughty, he often played computer games with friends.
当他还是个可爱又淘气的孩子时，他经常和朋友们玩电脑游戏。
3. 句子写法的多样性
因句子的每个成分都有多种形式，所以句子的写法也就多种多样。
她哭着离开了。
Crying, she left.
She left with tears in her eyes.
She left when she was crying.
She left sadly.
练习：
嘲笑别人是不对的。
Making fun of others is not moral.
It is not moral to make fun of others.
一个美丽又可爱的女孩子正在帮助有困难的老人。
A gril who is beautiful as well as adorable is helping senior citizens in difficult.
A gril who is beautiful as well as adorable is helping senior citizens who run into difficult.
4. 课后作业-试着多种形式翻译下列句子
他一言不发就离开了。
He left quietly / silently.
He left saying nothing.
He left not saying anything.
He left with no words.
He left without any words.
牛奶是一种白色的液体，对人的健康有好处。
Milk is a white liquid and milk is good for our health.
Milk, a white liquid, is good for our health.
Milk is a white liquid, which is good for our health.
Being a white liquid, milk is good for our health.
小明的爸爸是一名医生，他总是乐于助人。
Being / As a doctor, Ming's father is awalys readay to help others.
Ming's father is a doctor, who is always ready to help others.
Ming's father, a doctor, is always ready to help other people.
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