英语基础-虚拟语气

Posted 2023-03-05 aiguangyuan

1. 什么是虚拟语气？

当表示虚假的、难以实现的、与事实相反的情况用虚拟语气。

当表达个人主观愿望、建议或某种强烈愿望时，用虚拟语气。

2. 虚拟语气的一般用法

如果你是风儿，我就是沙。

If you are wind, I will be sand.

If you were wind , I would be sand.

如果你明天高歌，我就为你起舞。

If you sing tomorrow, I will dance for you.

If you sang tomorrow , I would dance for you.

如果那年你独自离去，我就会悲伤啜泣。

If you left alone that year, I could cry sadly.

If you had left alone that year, I could have cried sadly.

总结：

常见的用法，分为两种情况：

对现在和将来的虚拟：主句用 "would + do " ；从句用一般过去时。

对过去的虚拟：主句用 “could + have done”；从句用过去完成时。

需要注意的是：

1. 虚拟语气中，所有be动词的过去式通常是were，不用was；

2. would = could = might。

练习题

如果我早点回家，就能提前完成作业。

If I get back home early, I can finish my homework in advance.

If I got back home early, I could finish my homework in advance.

如果我昨晚早回家，就能提前完成作业。

If I got back home early, I could finish my homework in advance.

If I had got back home early, I could have finished my homework in advance.

如果一开始我听爸爸的话，我早就可以过上美好的日子了。

If I followed my dad at the beginning，I could lead a happy life.

If I had followed my dad at the beginning，I could have led a happy life.

如果政府采取有效的措施，就能建立起和谐的社会氛围。

If authorities take effective measures, the harmonious social atmosphere will be established.

If authorities took effective measures, the harmonious social atmosphere would be established.

3. 虚拟语气的特殊用法

1. 下列情况中的从句用“should+动词原型”表示虚拟，其中“should”可以省略

以防 ：in case that、for fear that、lest 

忘记虚拟

要求： ask、require、request、demand 

坚持：insist 

建议 ： propose、advise、suggest 

命令 ： order、direct、command 

是必要的/重要的/紧急的：It is necessary、important、urgent that

总结成一句话：以防忘记虚拟，按要求坚持命令和建议是必要的。

其用法都是从句中的谓语动词：should+动词原形 （should可省略）

练习：

社区中的每个人都要意识到保护环境的重要性，这很有必要。

It is necessary that every individual in the community （should）be aware of the importance of environmental protection.

人们提议应该采取相应的行动来关注大学生们的心理问题。

Citizens propose that appropriate actions （should） be taken to attach importance to the issue of mental health of university students.

2. 下列情况中，使用过去式表示虚拟语气

would rather 和 It is high time that…

我宁愿你和他在一起。

I would rather you stayed with him.

I would rather you were with him.

政府是时候制定新法律来制裁这些罪犯了。

It is high time that the authorities formulated new laws to sanction these criminals.

3.下列情况中，将原有时态变成相应的过去时

as if / as though （仿佛、好像）, wish,  if only（要是…该多好）,

我希望我能找到一个天使替我去爱你。

I wish that I will find an angel to love you for me.

I wish that I would find an angel to love you for me.

那时，我爱着你，就像天使守护着你。

I loved you at that time as if I was an angel protecting you.

I loved you at that time as if I had been an angel protecting you.

4. 虚拟语气的倒装

if引导虚拟条件句时，如果从句中有were/had/should,可以省略if , 用倒装句式"were/ had/should + 主语”。

如果我是一名医生，我会拯救千千万万病人于死亡的恐惧。

If I am a doctor , I will save thousands of patients suffering from the fear of death.

If I were a doctor, I would save thousands of patients suffering from the fear of death.

Were I a doctor, I would save thousands of patients suffering from the fear of death.

如果我读过这本书，我就能知道爱情的真相。

If I read this book, I could understand the truth of romance.

If I had read this book, I could have understood the truth of romance.

Had I read this book, I could have understood the truth of romance.

read的过去式和过去分词都是原型。

4. 作业－使用虚拟语气翻译下列句子

如果我再回到学校，我会好好学习。

If I get back to my school, I will study with all my efforts.

If I got back to my school, I would study with all my efforts.

当我是一个小孩的时候，他待我像亲生儿子一般。

When I was a kid, he treated me as if I was his own son.

When I was a kid, he treated me had been his own son.

我们是时候关注这问题并采取必要的行动了。

It is high time that we pay attention to this issue and take necessary actions.

It is high time that we paid attention to this issue and took necessary actions.

我宁愿你比我幸福。

I would rather you are happier than me.

I would rather you were happier than me.

如果当初他听了他父母的话，他早就从名校毕业了。

If he folowed his parent originally, he could graduate from a famous university.

If he had followed his parent origianally , he could have graduated from a famous university. 

Had he followed his parent origianally , he could have graduated from a famous university. 

人们坚持认为有关部门要为这个问题负责。

The public insist that the authorities should be response for this matter.