你还在new对象吗？Java8通用Builder了解一下？

Posted 2021-10-05 MarkerHub

• ​来源：cipher
• ciphermagic.cn/java8-builder.html

程序员经常会遇到灵魂拷问：你有对象吗？

没有，但我可以 new 一个！

public class GirlFriend {

private String name;

private int age;

// 省略 getter & setter ...

public static void main(String[] args) {

        GirlFriend myGirlFriend = new GirlFriend();

        myGirlFriend.setName("小美");

        myGirlFriend.setAge(18);

    }

}

没问题，老铁！但如果对象的属性太多，咋办？

public class GirlFriend {

private String name;

private int age;

private int bust;

private int waist;

private int hips;

private List<String> hobby;

private String birthday;

private String address;

private String mobile;

private String email;

private String hairColor;

private Map<String, String> gift;

// 等等等等 ...

// 省略 getter & setter ...

public static void main(String[] args) {

        GirlFriend myGirlFriend = new GirlFriend();

        myGirlFriend.setName("小美");

        myGirlFriend.setAge(18);

        myGirlFriend.setBust(33);

        myGirlFriend.setWaist(23);

        myGirlFriend.setHips(33);

        myGirlFriend.setBirthday("2001-10-26");

        myGirlFriend.setAddress("上海浦东");

        myGirlFriend.setMobile("18688888888");

        myGirlFriend.setEmail("[e-mail]");

        myGirlFriend.setHairColor("浅棕色带点微卷");

        List<String> hobby = new ArrayList<>();

        hobby.add("逛街");

        hobby.add("购物");

        hobby.add("买东西");

        myGirlFriend.setHobby(hobby);

        Map<String, String> gift = new HashMap<>();

        gift.put("情人节礼物", "LBR 1912女王时代");

        gift.put("生日礼物", "迪奥烈焰蓝金");

        gift.put("纪念日礼物", "阿玛尼红管唇釉");

        myGirlFriend.setGift(gift);

// 等等等等 ...

    }

}

--

GirlFriend{name=\'小美\'

, age=18

, bust=33

, waist=23

, hips=33

, hobby=[逛街, 购物, 买东西]

, birthday=\'2001-10-26\'

, address=\'上海浦东\'

, mobile=\'18688888888\'

, email=\'[e-mail]\'

, hairColor=\'浅棕色带点微卷\'

, gift={情人节礼物=LBR 1912女王时代, 生日礼物=迪奥烈焰蓝金, 纪念日礼物=阿玛尼红管唇釉}

}

GirlFriend 是很美，但写起来也太麻烦了吧。

说说缺点：实例化和设置属性分开，不好维护；变量名重复写。

莫慌，看法宝~

这里不再介绍其他 Builder 实现方式，直接祭出最实用的通用 Builder：

适用于所有类，不需要改造原来类，不需要 lombok 插件支持。

先看看使用姿势：

public class GirlFriend {

// 省略属性 ...

// 省略 getter & setter ...

// 为了演示方便，加几个聚合方法

public void addHobby(String hobby) {

this.hobby = Optional.ofNullable(this.hobby).orElse(new ArrayList<>());

this.hobby.add(hobby);

    }

public void addGift(String day, String gift) {

this.gift = Optional.ofNullable(this.gift).orElse(new HashMap<>());

this.gift.put(day, gift);

    }

public void setVitalStatistics(int bust, int waist, int hips) {

this.bust = bust;

this.waist = waist;

this.hips = hips;

    }

public static void main(String[] args) {

        GirlFriend myGirlFriend = Builder.of(GirlFriend::new)

                .with(GirlFriend::setName, "小美")

                .with(GirlFriend::setAge, 18)

                .with(GirlFriend::setVitalStatistics, 33, 23, 33)

                .with(GirlFriend::setBirthday, "2001-10-26")

                .with(GirlFriend::setAddress, "上海浦东")

                .with(GirlFriend::setMobile, "18688888888")

                .with(GirlFriend::setEmail, "[e-mail]")

                .with(GirlFriend::setHairColor, "浅棕色带点微卷")

                .with(GirlFriend::addHobby, "逛街")

                .with(GirlFriend::addHobby, "购物")

                .with(GirlFriend::addHobby, "买东西")

                .with(GirlFriend::addGift, "情人节礼物", "LBR 1912女王时代")

                .with(GirlFriend::addGift, "生日礼物", "迪奥烈焰蓝金")

                .with(GirlFriend::addGift, "纪念日礼物", "阿玛尼红管唇釉")

// 等等等等 ...

                .build();

    }

}

看到了吗！实例化和属性设置在同一条语句执行，链式操作，一路点点点，清爽！

Talk is cheap, show me the code：

/**
 * 通用的 Builder 模式构建器
 *
 * @author: CipherCui
 * @since 2019/8/29
 */
public class Builder<T> {
    private final Supplier<T> instantiator;
    private List<Consumer<T>> modifiers = new ArrayList<>();
    public Builder(Supplier<T> instantiator) {
        this.instantiator = instantiator;
    }
    public static <T> Builder<T> of(Supplier<T> instantiator) {
        return new Builder<>(instantiator);
    }
    public <P1> Builder<T> with(Consumer1<T, P1> consumer, P1 p1) {
        Consumer<T> c = instance -> consumer.accept(instance, p1);
        modifiers.add(c);
        return this;
    }
    public <P1, P2> Builder<T> with(Consumer2<T, P1, P2> consumer, P1 p1, P2 p2) {
        Consumer<T> c = instance -> consumer.accept(instance, p1, p2);
        modifiers.add(c);
        return this;
    }
    public <P1, P2, P3> Builder<T> with(Consumer3<T, P1, P2, P3> consumer, P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) {
        Consumer<T> c = instance -> consumer.accept(instance, p1, p2, p3);
        modifiers.add(c);
        return this;
    }
    public T build() {
        T value = instantiator.get();
        modifiers.forEach(modifier -> modifier.accept(value));
        modifiers.clear();
        return value;
    }
    /**
     * 1 参数 Consumer
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface Consumer1<T, P1> {
        void accept(T t, P1 p1);
    }
    /**
     * 2 参数 Consumer
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface Consumer2<T, P1, P2> {
        void accept(T t, P1 p1, P2 p2);
    }
    /**
     * 3 参数 Consumer
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface Consumer3<T, P1, P2, P3> {
        void accept(T t, P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3);
    }
}

这个示例最多支持三个参数的设置属性方法，也完全够用了。如果要扩展也很容易，依葫芦画瓢，添加多个参数的Consumer。

快用你的 Builder 建个对象吧~

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