记录数据仓库中模型的定义、各层级间的映射关系：

Hive存储在关系数据库中，默认的Hive默认数据库是Derby，轻量级内嵌SQL数据库，Derby非常适合测试和演示，存储在metastore_db目录中，实际生产一般存储在mysql中，修改配置文件hive-site.xml。
HCatalog：将Hive元数据共享给其他应用程序。
Hive的数据存储在hdfs上，Hive的select语句交给mapreduce来操作，减少写mapreduce的操作。

(四)Hive架构

Hive元数据存放在mysql中，表存放在hdfs中

(五)Hive Interface – 其他使用环境

1.Hive Web Interface
2.Hue (Cloudera)
3.Ambari Hive View (Hortonworks)
4.JDBC/ODBC（ETL工具，商业智能工具，集成开发环境）

Informatica, Talend，Tableau, QlikView, Zeppelin，Oracle SQL Developer, DB Visualizer等。

二、Hive环境搭建

1.自动安装脚本

(解压、修改文件名、配置环境变量)

#! /bin/bash
echo 'auto install begining...'

# global var
hive=true

if [ "$hive" = true ];then
   echo 'hive install set true'
   echo 'setup apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz'
   tar -zxf /opt/install/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/soft/
   mv /opt/soft/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin /opt/soft/hive312
   sed -i '73a\\export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin' /etc/profile
   sed -i '73a\\export HIVE_HOME=/opt/soft/hive312' /etc/profile
   sed -i '73a\\# HIVE_HOME' /etc/profile
   echo 'setup hive success!!!'
fi

2./opt/soft/hive312/conf目录下创建hive配置文件hive-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/opt/soft/hive312/warehouse</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>hive.metastore.db.type</name>
        <value>mysql</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.180.141:3306/hive147?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>root</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>root</value>
        <description></description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
        <value>false</value>
        <description>关闭schema验证</description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
        <value>true</value>
        <description>提示当前数据库名</description>
</property>
<property>
        <name>hive.cli.print.header</name>
        <value>true</value>
        <description>查询输出时带列名一起输出</description>
</property>
</configuration>

3.拷贝一个jar包到hive下面的lib目录下

4.删除hive的guava，拷贝hadoop下的guava

[root@lxm147 lib]# ls ./ | grep mysql-connector-java-8.0.29.jar 
mysql-connector-java-8.0.29.jar

[root@lxm147 lib]# ls ./ | grep guava-19.0.jar 
guava-19.0.jar


[root@lxm147 lib]# rm -f ./guava-19.0.jar 

[root@lxm147 lib]# ls ./ | grep guava-19.0.jar 

[root@lxm147 lib]# find /opt/soft/hadoop313/ -name guava*
/opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-27.0-jre.jar
/opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/guava-27.0-jre.jar

[root@lxm147 lib]# cp /opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/common/lib/guava-27.0-jre.jar ./

[root@lxm147 lib]# ls ./ | grep guava-27.0-jre.jar 
guava-27.0-jre.jar

5.重启环境变量

source /etc/profile

6.启动hadoop服务

start-dfs.sh
start-yarn.sh

7.启动历史服务器

[root@lxm147 hive312]# mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

8.首次连接Hive要初始化数据到mysql中

[root@lxm147 hive312]# schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

如果初始化出现错误，需要将mysql数据库中的hive147删除，然后hive再重新初始化

9.启动hive的两种方法

第一种方法：本地连接而Hive

[root@lxm147 ~]# hive
which: no hbase in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/soft/jdk180/bin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/bin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/sbin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/lib:/opt/soft/hive312/bin:/root/bin)
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hive312/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Hive Session ID = b02fa8fb-4597-4106-bc19-717baaf09932

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/soft/hive312/lib/hive-common-3.1.2.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
Hive Session ID = 8ad40a3f-3ac3-461f-80eb-f9c656aab10b
hive (default)> show databases;

Ctrl+c后RunJar就会退出

第二种：开启远程连接

# 先启动hiveserver2的服务
[root@lxm147 ~]# hive --service hiveserver2

# 再启动远程连接
[root@lxm147 ~]# beeline -u jdbc:hive2://192.168.180.147:10000

[root@lxm147 ~]# hive --service hiveserver2
which: no hbase in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/soft/jdk180/bin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/bin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/sbin:/opt/soft/hadoop313/lib:/opt/soft/hive312/bin:/root/bin)
2023-02-17 08:49:45: Starting HiveServer2
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hive312/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Hive Session ID = 836e26fd-a569-429d-9d0c-e126ef369e04
2023-02-17 08:49:58,019 Log4j2-TF-2-AsyncLogger[AsyncContext@2471cca7]-1 ERROR Attempted to append to non-started appender query-routing
Hive Session ID = b3870d50-c9c2-46a5-bc08-dc17998ef08b
Hive Session ID = cc262716-a704-4eeb-8393-a34c4872cb61
Hive Session ID = 7cc18075-3afb-44d8-9ff2-b2400f0126ef
OK



[root@lxm147 ~]# beeline -u jdbc:hive2://192.168.180.147:10000
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hive312/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/soft/hadoop313/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://192.168.180.147:10000
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 3.1.2)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 3.1.2)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
Beeline version 3.1.2 by Apache Hive
0: jdbc:hive2://192.168.180.147:10000>

一个RunJar是hiveserver2，一个RunJar是beeline

必须先开启hiveservice2，才可以开启beeline

10.安装net-tools查看端口状态

[root@lxm147 ~]# yum -y install net-tools

[root@lxm147 ~]# netstat -nltp | grep 10000
tcp6       0      0 :::10000                :::*                    LISTEN      7754/java

11.赋予权限

[root@lxm147 ~]# hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /tmp

12.关闭所有hive后台运行下面的命令

[root@lxm147 ~]# nohup hiveserver2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &
[1] 3140

13.Datagrip远程连接

启动hive客户端：先启动hiveserver2(nohup hiveserver2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &)，然后datagrip才能连接

Hive元数据存放在mysql中，表存放在hdfs中

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