mysql基础之七-;mysql读写分离之amoeba

Posted 2021-09-15 萌妹子_liu

使用amoeba实现mysql读写分离

1、什么是amoeba？

Amoeba(变形虫)项目，专注 分布式数据库 proxy 开发。座落与Client、DB Server(s)之间。对客户端透明。具有负载均衡、高可用性、sql过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的query到目标数据库、可并发请求多台数据库合并结果。

主要解决：

• 降低 数据切分带来的复杂多数据库结构

• 提供切分规则并降低 数据切分规则 给应用带来的影响

• 降低db 与客户端的连接数

• 读写分离

2、为什么要用Amoeba

目前要实现mysql的主从读写分离，主要有以下几种方案：

1、 通过程序实现，网上很多现成的代码，比较复杂，如果添加从服务器要更改多台服务器的代码。

2、 通过mysql-proxy来实现，由于mysql-proxy的主从读写分离是通过lua脚本来实现，目前lua的脚本的开发跟不上节奏，而写没有完美的现成的脚本，因此导致用于生产环境的话风险比较大，据网上很多人说mysql-proxy的性能不高。

3、 自己开发接口实现，这种方案门槛高，开发成本高，不是一般的小公司能承担得起。

4、 利用阿里巴巴的开源项目Amoeba来实现，具有负载均衡、高可用性、sql过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的query到目标数据库，并且安装配置非常简单。国产的开源软件，应该支持，目前正在使用，不发表太多结论，一切等测试完再发表结论吧，哈哈！

3、amoeba安装

1、首先安装jdk，直接使用rpm包安装即可

2、下载amoeba对应的版本https://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/，直接解压即可

3、配置amoeba的配置文件

dbServers.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
​
<!DOCTYPE amoeba:dbServers SYSTEM "dbserver.dtd">
<amoeba:dbServers xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">
​
<!--
Each dbServer needs to be configured into a Pool,
If you need to configure multiple dbServer with load balancing that can be simplified by the following configu
ration: add attribute with name virtual = "true" in dbServer, but the configuration does not allow the element with n
ame factoryConfig such as \'multiPool\' dbServer
-->

<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="connectionManager">${defaultManager}</property>
<property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>
<property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>

<!-- mysql port -->
<property name="port">3306</property>

<!-- mysql schema -->
<property name="schema">msb</property>

<!-- mysql user -->
<property name="user">root</property>

<property name="password">123456</property>
</factoryConfig>
​
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.toolkit.common.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
<property name="maxActive">500</property>
<property name="maxIdle">500</property>
<property name="minIdle">1</property>
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
<property name="testOnReturn">true</property>
<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
​
<dbServer name="writedb"  parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.85.11</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>

<dbServer name="slave"  parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.85.12</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="myslave" virtual="true">
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
<!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
<property name="loadbalance">1</property>

<!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->
<property name="poolNames">slave</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
</amoeba:dbServers>

amoeba.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gbk"?>
​
<!DOCTYPE amoeba:configuration SYSTEM "amoeba.dtd">
<amoeba:configuration xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">
​
<proxy>

<!-- service class must implements com.meidusa.amoeba.service.Service -->
<service name="Amoeba for Mysql" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MySQLService">
<!-- port -->
<property name="port">8066</property>

<!-- bind ipAddress -->
<!--
<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
-->

<property name="connectionFactory">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnectionFactory">
<property name="sendBufferSize">128</property>
<property name="receiveBufferSize">64</property>
</bean>
</property>

<property name="authenticateProvider">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">

<property name="user">root</property>

<property name="password">123456</property>

<property name="filter">
<bean class="com.meidusa.toolkit.net.authenticate.server.IPAccessController">
<property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>

</service>

<runtime class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.context.MysqlRuntimeContext">

<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
<property name="executeThreadSize">128</property>

<!-- per connection cache prepared statement size -->
<property name="statementCacheSize">500</property>

<!-- default charset -->
<property name="serverCharset">utf8</property>

<!-- query timeout( default: 60 second , TimeUnit:second) -->
<property name="queryTimeout">60</property>
</runtime>

</proxy>

<!--
Each ConnectionManager will start as thread
manager responsible for the Connection IO read , Death Detection
-->
<connectionManagerList>
<connectionManager name="defaultManager" class="com.meidusa.toolkit.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">
<property name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.toolkit.net.AuthingableConnectionManager</property>
</connectionManager>
</connectionManagerList>

<!-- default using file loader -->
<dbServerLoader class="com.meidusa.amoeba.context.DBServerConfigFileLoader">
<property name="configFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml</property>
</dbServerLoader>

<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
<property name="ruleLoader">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader">
<property name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>
<property name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>
</bean>
</property>
<property name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">writedb</property>

<property name="writePool">writedb</property>
<property name="readPool">myslave</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>
</amoeba:configuration>

4、启动amoeba

/root/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher

4、测试amoeba

--测试的sql
--在安装amoeba的服务器上登录mysql
mysql -h192.168.85.13 -uroot -p123 -P8066
--分别在master、slave、amoeba上登录mysql
use msb
select * from user;
--在amoeba上插入数据
insert into user values(2,2);
--在master和slave上分别查看表中的数据
select * from user;
--将master上的mysql服务停止，继续插入数据会发现插入不成功，但是能够查询
--将master上的msyql服务开启，停止slave上的mysql，发现插入成功，但是不能够查询