COMP4650/6490 Document Analysis

Posted 2021-09-07 3xy0x6yy

COMP4650/6490 Document Analysis
Assignment 1 – IR

In this assignment, your task is to index a document collection into an inverted index, and then
measure search performance based on predefined queries.
A new document collection containing more than 10,000 government site descriptions, and a set
of predefined queries, is provided for this assignment. The provided code implements most of an
information retrieval system. This provided code is designed to be simple to understand and
modify, it is not particularly efficient nor scalable. When developing a real-world IR system you
would be better off using high performance software such as Apache Lucene.
Throughout this assignment:

1. You will develop a better understanding of indexing, including the tokenizer, parser, and
   normaliser components, and how to improve the search performance given a predefined
   evaluation metric,
2. You will develop a better understanding of search algorithms, and how to obtain better
   search results, and
3. You will find the best way to combine an indexer and search algorithm to maximise your
   performance.
   Throughout this assignment you will make changes to the provided code to improve the
   information retrieval system. In addition, you will produce an answers file with your responses to
   each question. Your answers file must be a .pdf file named u1234567.pdf where u1234567 is
   your Uni ID. You should submit both your modified code files and answer.pdf inside a single zip
   file.

Your answers to coding questions will be marked based on the quality of your code (is it efficient,
is it readable, is it extendable, is it correct).
Your answers to discussion questions will be marked based on how convincing your
explanations are (are they sufficiently detailed, are they well-reasoned, are they backed by
appropriate evidence, are they clear).

Question 1 – Running queries (20%)
You have been provided with a simple implementation of an inverted index search system, which
can be found in files inverted_index.py, preprocessor.py and similarity_measures.py. Your first task is
to complete the run_queries.py script. The script should

1. Create an inverted index from gov/documents then
2. Run all of the queries from gov/topics and
3. Write the returned results for all of the queries to runs/retrieved.txt in TREC_EVAL format.
   Step 1. has already been implemented for you. You will need to edit inverted_index.py to complete
   the run_query function so that it returns the highest scoring documents. You will then need to
   complete the run_queryies.py script to implement steps 2. and 3.

The Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) is a popular conference for research on designing better
information retrieval systems. We will use their evaluation tool TREC_EVAL to measure the
performance of your system. The tool expects the returned results to be in a file with a very specific
format, each line in this file must be of the form:
query_id Q0 document_id rank score MY_IR_SYSTEM

Where query_id identifies the query that this document was returned for. Q0 is the literal string Q0.
document_id is the name of the document that was returned. Score is the similarity score between
query and document. Rank is the order this document was retrieved in (e.g. a rank of 0 means that
this document was retrieved first, rank of 1 means second and so on). MY_IR_SYSTEM is the literal
string MY_IR_SYSTEM. Once you have successfully created the file you should be able to run the
evaluate.py file to see how well your retrieved documents matched the ground truth relevant
documents for the given queries.

In your answers file to this question put a list of your system’s scores for each of the evaluation
measures, e.g
map: 0.1
Rprec: 0.1
recip_rank: 0.1
P_5: 0.1
P_10: 0.1
P_15: 0.1

Question 2 – TF-IDF Similarity (20%)
Currently, the inverted index uses TF similarity to calculate scores. Your next task is to implement TF-
IDF similarity functionality. You will need to complete the methods of the TFIDF_Similarity class in
the similarity_measures.py file. You are encouraged to study the provided class TF_Similarity to see
how data can be extracted from the inverted index. There are many ways of implementing similarity
using TF-IDF; while the lectures suggest weighting both the query and documents using TF-IDF this is
not always the best choice in practice. Here you will implement the scheme described in SMART
notation as lnc.ltc . The details of which are described in one of the course texts `Introduction to
Information Retrieval, Manning C, Raghavan P, Schütze H, Draft April 1 2009` in section 6.4.3 and
figure 6.15. The following is a reproduction of this figure (for more details see the textbook):
The mnemonic lnc.ltc corresponds to a weighting scheme of lnc for the document terms and ltc for
the query terms. The first letter of each scheme corresponds to the term frequency weighting, the
second corresponds to the document frequency, and the last corresponds to the normalization.

After you have successfully implemented TF-IDF Similarity as described you can change the sim
variable in run_queries.py to TFIDF_Similarity. Next, Run evaluate.py with your new TFIDF_Similarity
index. Write down your new evaluation scores.

Question 3 – Evaluation measures (20%)
Did your system perform better with TF_IDF or TF similarity? You will need to decide which of the
provided evaluation measures is most useful for evaluating this system. In your answer you should
state which measure(s) you are basing your decision on, and why your chosen measure(s) are
appropriate specifically for this gov corpus. If you need to make any assumptions about how the
system will be used, then make sure to state them.

You should continue using the best performing similarity measure for the next questions.

Question 4 – Improving the pre-processor (20%)
The pre-processor defines how raw text is converted into tokens to be indexed. Currently, it does
whitespace tokenization and porter-stemming. Your task is to change the Preprocessor class to
improve your system’s evaluation. You may want to try changing the tokenizer, the stemmer, or any
implement any other technique mentioned in the lectures (eg normalization, stop word removal).
You are strongly encouraged to make use of the NLTK library for this task, documentation can be
found here: https://www.nltk.org/api/nltk...

Briefly describe four different settings of Preprocessor that you tried, and what impact they had on
your system’s performance. Explain why you think that each change increased/decreased your
model’s evaluation measures. Write down your evaluation measures for the best performing
settings that you found.
Tip: Make sure you change the used_stored_index flag to False in run_queries.py to force your index
to be rebuilt with your new pre-processing.

Question 5 – Further Modification (20%)
Your final task is to implement some further modification to the system in order to improve its
performance. Exactly what kind of modification you implement is left up to you, some examples of
modifications you could make:
• Implement BM25 similarity for the system (http://ipl.cs.aueb.gr/stougia...
• Adjust the inverted_index to use different weighted fields.
• Implement some domain specific pre-processing.
• Implement a different document and query weighting scheme.
• Anything else you can think of.

In your answers describe your best Information Retrieval system, write down its evaluation
measures, and explain why you think your changes improved the measures.

Academic Misconduct Policy: All submitted written work and code must be your own (except for any
provided starter code, of course) – submitting work other than your own will lead to both a failure
on the assignment and a referral of the case to the ANU academic misconduct review procedures:
ANU Academic Misconduct Procedures