python os 模块

Posted 2021-09-04 千翻娃儿

python os 模块

python os模块是python提供用于访问操作系统的标准模块，对目录和文件操作提供了非常多的方法。

下面对常见的一些操作进行整理：

import os 
##获取当前的操作系统名称，其中Windows 是 NT 内核，所以会得到nt，而 Linux/Unix 用户则会得到posix
>>>os.name
\'nt\'

#获取当前工作目录
>>>os.getcwd()
\'D:\\\\pycharmprojects\'

#获取当前目录下的所有文件及文件夹
>>>os.listdir()
[\'.idea\', \'0531.py\', \'0532.py\', \'0602.py\', \'0607.py\', \'import_test.py\', \'main.py\', \'module_0.py\', \'package_1\', \'package_2\', \'test_dir\', \'__init__.py\', \'函数\']
#获取特定目录下所有文件和文件夹名称
>>>os.listdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),\'package_1/package_1_1\'))
[\'module_1_1.py\', \'module_1_1_1.py\', \'test.py\', \'__init__.py\', \'__pycache__\']

#在目录下创建文件夹
>>>os.mkdir(\'mkdir_test\')
>>>os.listdir()#可以看到，当前目录下多了mkdir_test文件夹
[\'.idea\', \'0531.py\', \'0532.py\', \'0602.py\', \'0607.py\', \'import_test.py\', \'main.py\', \'mkdir_test\', \'module_0.py\', \'package_1\', \'package_2\', \'test_dir\', \'__init__.py\', \'函数\']

#在特定目录下新建文件夹
>>>os.mkdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),\'package_1/package_1_1/tttt\'))
>>>os.listdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),\'package_1/package_1_1\'))
[\'module_1_1.py\', \'module_1_1_1.py\', \'test.py\', \'tttt\', \'__init__.py\', \'__pycache__\']

#切换当前工作目录
>>>os.chdir(\'D:\\pycharmprojects\\package_1\\package_1_2\')
>>>os.getcwd()
\'D:\\\\pycharmprojects\\\\package_1\\\\package_1_2\'

#移除某路径下特定文件（不能是文件夹）
>>>os.remove(\'module_0.py\')
>>>os.remove(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/test.py\')

还有一些os.path模块下面的常用操作：

#将某文件路径下的路径和文件名分开
>>>os.path.split(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/module_1_1.py\')
(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1\', \'module_1_1.py\')

#判断某路径是否存在
>>>os.path.exists(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/module_1_1.py\')
True
>>>os.path.exists(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_m\')
False

#判断某路径是不是文件
>>>os.path.isfile(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/module_1_1.py\')
True
>>>os.path.isfile(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1\')
False

#判断某路径是不是文件夹/目录
>>>os.path.isdir(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/module_1_1.py\')
False
>>>os.path.isdir(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1\')
True

#获取文件的大小，单位：字节，若路径为目录则返回0
>>>os.path.getsize(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1/module_1_1.py\')
110

#连接两个路径,windows默认用\\\\连接
>>>os.path.join(\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1\',\'hhh/mmm/ttt.py\')
\'D:/pycharmprojects/package_1/package_1_1\\\\hhh/mmm/ttt.py\'