理解CS952 Database

Posted 2021-09-04 mruptcw2

CS952 Database and Web Systems Development Assessment Classwork
THIS IS AN INDIVIDUAL TASK AND MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED
WITHOUT COLLABORATION, COLLUSION OR THE SHARING OF
SOLUTIONS. FAILURE TO FOLLOW THIS INSTRUCTION WILL
RESULT IN DISCIPLINARY ACTION BEING TAKEN.

1. Aim Of The Assignment:
   Your task for this assignment is to design and construct a database and a set of web
   pages that can be used to recover and display some of the data.
2. Task:
   Read the following description of a data model. From the specification, produce the
   following:
   An enhanced entity relationship model.
   A list of table structures produced by logical design based on the above
   enhanced entity relationship model.
   The SQL code to construct and populate only sufficient tables to carry out
   the query part of the exercise. The database can be built using either Oracle
   or mysql.
   A set of web pages that execute the queries and display the results.
3. Database specification:
   The Hospital inpatient system
   An in-patient in a hospital is identified by a patient record number and details
   of his/her name, address, date of birth and GP are recorded. Patients are assigned to
   a single ward in the hospital. Each ward is identified by the ward number and also
   has a name. Some wards may have no patients assigned to them. Each ward is
   staffed by at least one nurse. Within a ward a designated nurse is in charge of the
   ward and of the other nurses in the ward.
   Every patient in the hospital is allocated to one of the consultants working in the
   hospital. Each consultant has a recorded specialism and heads a team of personnel
   consisting of junior doctors who may be either registrars or housemen. All doctors
   in the hospital (i.e. both junior doctors and consultants) have staff numbers and their
   names are also recorded. The teams in the hospital are identified by a team code,
   and the number of doctors in each team is recorded.
   Doctors in the hospital treat many patients. Each patient may be treated by many
   doctors who are always members of the same team as the consultant responsible for
   that particular patient. During treatment one or more drugs are prescribed for
   a patient. Drugs are identified by name and also by code number. The date, dosage
   and prescribing doctor are recorded for each drug. Doctors are the only personnel
   who are allowed to prescribe drugs.
4. Process:
   4.1 Enhanced entity relationship model
   The first step in this process is to construct an enhanced entity relationship diagram.
   Read the above specification and write down a list of the entities and attributes. For
   each entity indicate the identifier and write a sentence to describe the significance of
   the entity. Indicate any supertype/subtype hierarchies. Make a note of necessary
   assumptions. Draw an enhanced entity relationship diagram.
   4.2 Logical design
   Table structures should be written down in the following format:
   TABLE_NAME(Primary-key-attribute, Non-key-attribute1, Non-key-attribute2, ...).
   Using the enhanced entity relationship model from Section 4.1, write down a table
   structure for each entity taking care that:
   Each attribute becomes a column.
   The unique identifier becomes the primary key and is indicated by
   underlining.
   Subtype/supertype entities are represented in one of three methods described
   in the lectures.
   Use Table CW-1 as a guide to the way of representing the relationships between
   entities. Write down table structures or modify existing structures to represent
   relationships in the system.
5. : 1 1 : N N : M
   Obligatory on
   neither
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   Obligatory on
   one
   Post identifier of
   non-obligatory to
   obligatory table
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   -
   Obligatory on
   many
   -
   Post identifier of
   "one" table to
   "many" table
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   Obligatory on
   both
   Post all attribute
   into one table
   Post identifier of
   "one" table to
   "many" table
   New table to
   represent
   relationship Post
   identifiers as
   candidate keys
   Table CW-1: Representing relationships in tables.
   4.3 Physical Design
   Physical database design is generally specific to the database management system
   that is to be used and the performance requirements of the system. In both Oracle
   and MySQL the chief tool is the creation of indexes, etc. For the purposes of this
   exercise it is sufficient to create the necessary indices. It is not necessary to optimise
   the database structure by merging entities etc. Make a note of the attributes from
   Section 4.2 that will require indexes. You would normally use an index for
   attributes that are involved in joins or which are the subject of an SQL ‘where’
   clause. Both Oracle and MySQL automatically create indexes for primary keys but
   you must identify these using appropriate constraints. You will also need to note
   foreign key attributes for index creation as indices.
   4.4 Creating and loading the database
   Implement your design in Oracle or MySQL on the Departmental devweb server.
   Use appropriate integrity constraints. Populate each table with a limited set of data,
   i.e. only enough to show that the queries work.
   4.5 Querying the database
   You now need to write some queries on your database. The queries must be useful
   queries and not artificially constructed simply to fulfil the criteria listed. All queries
   require a WHERE clause of the form ‘…WHERE ATTRIBUTE = Value…’ to limit
   the rows returned (Value can be a text, numeric, or date value). Write four separate
   SQL statements that will:
   (i) carry out a join between two tables, use a function such as SUM, COUNT etc.
   and a group by clause.
   (ii) execute a sub-query. The query must be contained in the WHERE clause and
   involve a function as above.
   (iii) execute a correlated-query. The correlated query must follow the pattern shown
   in Lecture 7, Slide 9.
   (iv) carry out a self join that uses primary key/foreign key attributes. The self-join
   may involve an intermediate table.
   For MySQL, output can be saved to files using phpMyAdmin. The output of Oracle
   SQL queries can be captured in a file by typing:
   spool outfile
   at the SQL prompt. All screen output is then copied to a file with the name
   outfile.lst. The spooling can be stopped by typing:
   spool off
   at the SQL prompt
   Do not submit screen images of SQL commands or results.
   4.6 Web Page Front End
   Using html, CSS, PHP and javascript as appropriate, design a website that has
   five main pages: one main page with links to four other pages to support your four
   queries from above. Each of these query pages should ask the user for required data
   and then when submit is hit, present the results in a nicely formatted table. There
   should be a common look and feel (i.e. consistent appearance and placement of
   content) across all pages and every page should include a suitable company logo.
   You should enable users to input data securely, and take into account accessibility
   when designing your web site.
6. Submission
   Your submission should consist of the following.
   i) Your final EER model solution showing:
   a) A list of the entities and the meaning of each entity.
   b) A list of attributes for each entity showing the identifier for the entity.
   c) A list of the relationships giving for each: a relationship name, the names of
   the entities related, the degree of the relationship and the optionality of the
   relationship.
   d) An enhanced entity relationship diagram.
   e) A list of any assumptions you have made. (10%)
   ii) A list of the table structures produced by logical design showing the attributes
   and primary keys. (10 %)
   iii) The SQL create statements (including the specification of integrity constraints)
   for creating enough tables to carry out the Web systems part of the exercise. (5%)
   iv) The SQL insert statements for populating the tables with a small sample of data.
   (5%)
   v) The SQL queries listed in Section 4.5 together with a narrative explanation of
   each query (do not paraphrase the SQL commands) and its output. (10%)
   vi) A 500 word critique of your database and web page structure, highlighting the
   strengths and weaknesses of both aspects of your solution and giving reasons for
   decisions that you have taken in the design and implementation. (15%)
   vii) A zip file containing all the source files and a link to the main web page front
   end on devweb as described in Section 4.6. (45%)
   Items (i) to (vi) should be combined into a single pdf document and submitted
   through the link on the class Myplace page. The document must not be zipped and
   will be submitted to Turnitin plagiarism detector.
   Item vii should be submitted through the same link in a separate document. All
   work will be evaluated for originality.
   Submission must be submitted by 12.00 noon on Monday 1st April 2019. Note that
   this project can be submitted as late as 12:00 noon, Friday April 12th, 2019 (at the
   end of the Spring vacation) without a late penalty being applied.
   This exercise is worth 25% or the overall marks for this module
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