Ubuntu 安装MySQL8.0

Posted 2021-09-04 梁雨季

环境

• Linux/Ubuntu20.04LTS
• mysql-client-core-8.0
• mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1)

流程

1. 打开终端，查看是否安装了MySQL

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:~$ mysql

Command \'mysql\' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install mysql-client-core-8.0     # version 8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1, or
sudo apt install mariadb-client-core-10.3  # version 1:10.3.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1

2. 按提示安装一下

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:~$ sudo apt install mysql-client-core-8.0
获取:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-8.0 amd64 8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 [4,215 kB]
正在设置 mysql-client-core-8.0 (8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.9.1-1) 的触发器 ...

3. 查看运行服务 $ systemctl status mysql

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:~$ systemctl status mysql
Unit mysql.service could not be found.

4. 安装服务

sudo apt-get update  #更新源
sudo apt-get install mysql-server #安装

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
update-alternatives: 使用 /var/lib/mecab/dic/ipadic-utf8 来在自动模式中提供 /var/lib/mecab/dic/debian (mecab-dictionary)
正在设置 mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: 使用 /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf 来在自动模式中提供 /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf)
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
mysqld will log errors to /var/log/mysql/error.log
mysqld is running as pid 19429
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.

这时就安装完成了！

5. 查看运行服务

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:~$ systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset:>
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-07-03 10:48:52 CST; 24h ago
    Process: 947 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=ex>
   Main PID: 991 (mysqld)
     Status: "Server is operational"
      Tasks: 38 (limit: 13995)
     Memory: 402.8M
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
             └─991 /usr/sbin/mysqld

6. 安装完成后如何登录到数据库呢？密码啥？

刚安装完的数据库还没有密码，密码为空,直接回车即可，登录到数据库修改密码

lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:/etc/mysql$ sudo mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.23-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

这里root就是我们刚才连接的账户, debian-sys-maint 账号是在安装MySQL自动产生的，可以通过下面的命令查看到它,$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

mysql> select User, Host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| User             | Host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7. 设置密码

设置你的root登录密码，这里举例为 123456

mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY \'123456\';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

8. 刷新权限

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

9. 使用新密码重新登录

mysql> quit;
Bye
lauiji@lauiji-IdeaPad-15sIML-2020:/etc/mysql$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

提示：MySQL8.0的版本更改了root账户的授权方式，默认是auth_socket。也就是说需要通过 Unix socket 文件来验证所有连接到localhost的用户，不能使用提供密码的方式了。

10. linux环境安装mysql5.7 和 mysql8.0初始密码的区别

linux安装完mysql5.7和8.0初始密码是不一样的。

一、mysql5.7初始密码

   linux安装MySQL5.7，mysql为root用户随机生成了一个密码在error log中,
   error log的位置默认是/var/log/mysqld.log,启动过一次才可以查看临时密码,
   $ grep \'temporary password\' /var/log/mysqld.log

二、mysql8.0初始密码

    Mysql8.0安装root账号的初始密码是没有的,直接回车就可登录，不用输密码
    输入登录mysql命令 $ mysql -u root -p

【遇上雨季，吃定彩虹】 --Layuji