ios动态添加属性的几种方法
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http://blog.csdn.net/shengyumojian/article/details/44919695
在ios运行过程中,有几种方式能够动态的添加属性。
1-通过runtime动态关联对象
主要用到了objc_setAssociatedObject,objc_getAssociatedObject以及objc_removeAssociatedObjects
- //在目标target上添加关联对象,属性名propertyname(也能用来添加block),值value
- + (void)addAssociatedWithtarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName withValue:(id)value {
- id property = objc_getAssociatedObject(target, &propertyName);
- if(property == nil)
- {
- property = value;
- objc_setAssociatedObject(target, &propertyName, property, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN);
- }
- }
- //获取目标target的指定关联对象值
- + (id)getAssociatedValueWithTarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName {
- id property = objc_getAssociatedObject(target, &propertyName);
- return property;
- }
优点:这种方式能够使我们快速的在一个已有的class内部添加一个动态属性或block块。
缺点:不能像遍历属性一样的遍历我们所有关联对象,且不能移除制定的关联对象,只能通过removeAssociatedObjects方法移除所有关联对象。
2-通过runtime动态添加Ivar
主要用到objc_allocateClassPair,class_addIvar,objc_registerClassPair
- //在目标target上添加属性(已经存在的类不支持,可跳进去看注释),属性名propertyname,值value
- + (void)addIvarWithtarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName withValue:(id)value {
- if (class_addIvar([target class], [propertyName UTF8String], sizeof(id), log2(sizeof(id)), "@")) {
- YYLog(@"创建属性Ivar成功");
- }
- }
- //获取目标target的指定属性值
- + (id)getIvarValueWithTarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName {
- Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([target class], [propertyName UTF8String]);
- if (ivar) {
- id value = object_getIvar(target, ivar);
- return value;
- } else {
- return nil;
- }
- }
优点:动态添加Ivar我们能够通过遍历Ivar得到我们所添加的属性。
缺点:不能在已存在的class中添加Ivar,所有说必须通过objc_allocateClassPair动态创建一个class,才能调用class_addIvar创建Ivar,最后通过objc_registerClassPair注册class。
3-通过runtime动态添加property
主要用到class_addProperty,class_addMethod,class_replaceProperty,class_getInstanceVariable
- //在目标target上添加属性,属性名propertyname,值value
- + (void)addPropertyWithtarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName withValue:(id)value {
- //先判断有没有这个属性,没有就添加,有就直接赋值
- Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([target class], [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@", propertyName] UTF8String]);
- if (ivar) {
- return;
- }
- /*
- objc_property_attribute_t type = { "T", "@\"NSString\"" };
- objc_property_attribute_t ownership = { "C", "" }; // C = copy
- objc_property_attribute_t backingivar = { "V", "_privateName" };
- objc_property_attribute_t attrs[] = { type, ownership, backingivar };
- class_addProperty([SomeClass class], "name", attrs, 3);
- */
- //objc_property_attribute_t所代表的意思可以调用getPropertyNameList打印,大概就能猜出
- objc_property_attribute_t type = { "T", [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"@\"%@\"",NSStringFromClass([value class])] UTF8String] };
- objc_property_attribute_t ownership = { "&", "N" };
- objc_property_attribute_t backingivar = { "V", [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@", propertyName] UTF8String] };
- objc_property_attribute_t attrs[] = { type, ownership, backingivar };
- if (class_addProperty([target class], [propertyName UTF8String], attrs, 3)) {
- //添加get和set方法
- class_addMethod([target class], NSSelectorFromString(propertyName), (IMP)getter, "@@:");
- class_addMethod([target class], NSSelectorFromString([NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:",[propertyName capitalizedString]]), (IMP)setter, "[email protected]:@");
- //赋值
- [target setValue:value forKey:propertyName];
- NSLog(@"%@", [target valueForKey:propertyName]);
- YYLog(@"创建属性Property成功");
- } else {
- class_replaceProperty([target class], [propertyName UTF8String], attrs, 3);
- //添加get和set方法
- class_addMethod([target class], NSSelectorFromString(propertyName), (IMP)getter, "@@:");
- class_addMethod([target class], NSSelectorFromString([NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:",[propertyName capitalizedString]]), (IMP)setter, "[email protected]:@");
- //赋值
- [target setValue:value forKey:propertyName];
- }
- }
- id getter(id self1, SEL _cmd1) {
- NSString *key = NSStringFromSelector(_cmd1);
- Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self1 class], "_dictCustomerProperty"); //basicsViewController里面有个_dictCustomerProperty属性
- NSMutableDictionary *dictCustomerProperty = object_getIvar(self1, ivar);
- return [dictCustomerProperty objectForKey:key];
- }
- void setter(id self1, SEL _cmd1, id newValue) {
- //移除set
- NSString *key = [NSStringFromSelector(_cmd1) stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 3) withString:@""];
- //首字母小写
- NSString *head = [key substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 1)];
- head = [head lowercaseString];
- key = [key stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 1) withString:head];
- //移除后缀 ":"
- key = [key stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(key.length - 1, 1) withString:@""];
- Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([self1 class], "_dictCustomerProperty"); //basicsViewController里面有个_dictCustomerProperty属性
- NSMutableDictionary *dictCustomerProperty = object_getIvar(self1, ivar);
- if (!dictCustomerProperty) {
- dictCustomerProperty = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
- object_setIvar(self1, ivar, dictCustomerProperty);
- }
- [dictCustomerProperty setObject:newValue forKey:key];
- }
- + (id)getPropertyValueWithTarget:(id)target withPropertyName:(NSString *)propertyName {
- //先判断有没有这个属性,没有就添加,有就直接赋值
- Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([target class], [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"_%@", propertyName] UTF8String]);
- if (ivar) {
- return object_getIvar(target, ivar);
- }
- ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([target class], "_dictCustomerProperty"); //basicsViewController里面有个_dictCustomerProperty属性
- NSMutableDictionary *dict = object_getIvar(target, ivar);
- if (dict && [dict objectForKey:propertyName]) {
- return [dict objectForKey:propertyName];
- } else {
- return nil;
- }
- }
优点:这种方法能够在已有的类中添加property,且能够遍历到动态添加的属性。
缺点:比较麻烦,getter和setter需要自己写,且值也需要自己存储,如上面的代码,我是把setter中的值存储到了_dictCustomerProperty里面,在getter中再从_dictCustomerProperty读出值。
4-通过setValue:forUndefinedKey动态添加键值
这种方法优点类似property,需要重写setValue:forUndefinedKey和valueForUndefinedKey:,存值方式也一样,需要借助一个其它对象。由于这种方式没通过runtime,所以也比较容易理解。在此就不举例了。
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