/**
* Make all properties in T optional
*/
type Partial<T> = {
[P in keyof T]?: T[P];
};
/**
* Make all properties in T required
*/
type Required<T> = {
[P in keyof T]-?: T[P];
};
/**
* Make all properties in T readonly
*/
type Readonly<T> = {
readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P];
};
/**
* From T pick a set of properties K
*/
type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {
[P in K]: T[P];
};
/**
* Construct a type with a set of properties K of type T
*/
type Record<K extends keyof any, T> = {
[P in K]: T;
};
/**
* Exclude from T those types that are assignable to U
*/
type Exclude<T, U> = T extends U ? never : T;
/**
* Extract from T those types that are assignable to U
*/
type Extract<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;
/**
* Exclude null and undefined from T
*/
type NonNullable<T> = T extends null | undefined ? never : T;
/**
* Obtain the return type of a function type
*/
type ReturnType<T extends (...args: any[]) => any> = T extends (...args: any[]) => infer R ? R : any;
/**
* Obtain the return type of a constructor function type
*/
type InstanceType<T extends new (...args: any[]) => any> = T extends new (...args: any[]) => infer R ? R : any;