//reduce
//Use reduce to combine all items in a collection to create a single new value.
let numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
//sum all values from the array (+)
let result = numbers.reduce(0, +)
//sum all values from the array (+) plus one
let result2 = numbers.reduce(1, +)
let result3 = numbers.reduce(1, *)
let codes = ["abc","def","ghi"]
let text = codes.reduce("", +)
let names = ["alan","brian","charlie"]
let csv = names.reduce("===") {text, name in "\(text),\(name)"}
print(csv)
//map
/*Use map to loop over a collection and apply the same operation to each element in the collection. */
let values = [2.0,4.0,5.0,7.0]
let squares = values.map {$0 * $0}
print(squares)
let scores = [0,28,124]
let words = scores.map { NumberFormatter.localizedString(from: NSNumber(value: $0),number:.spellOut) }
print(words)
//orderer from high to less
let lengthInMeters: Set = [4.0,6.2,8.9]
let lengthInFeet = lengthInMeters.map {meters in meters * 3.2808}
print(lengthInFeet)
//filter
//Use filter to loop over a collection and return an Array containing only those elements that match an include condition.
let digits = [1,4,10,15]
let even = digits.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
print(even)
//flatmap
//The simplest use is as the name suggests to flatten a collection of collections.
let collections = [[5,2,7],[4,8],[9,1,3]]
let flat = collections.flatMap { $0 }
print(flat)
//it knows about optionals and will remove them from a collection.
let people: [String?] = ["Tom",nil,"Peter",nil,"Harry"]
let valid = people.flatMap {$0}
print(valid)
let collection = [[5,2,7],[4,8],[9,1,3]]
let onlyEven = collection.flatMap {
intArray in intArray.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
}
print(onlyEven)
//the above is transformed to
let onlyEvenSimpler = collection.flatMap { $0.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 } }
//Chaining
//sum only those numbers greater than or equal to seven
let marks = [4,5,8,2,9,7]
let results = marks.filter{$0 > 7}.reduce(0, +)
// returns only the even squares
let valuesArray = [20,17,35,4,12]
let allResults = valuesArray.map{$0 * $0}.filter{$0 % 2 == 0}
print(allResults)
//Source:https://useyourloaf.com/blog/swift-guide-to-map-filter-reduce/