html CSS / Sass：健壮/可扩展的分层CSS架构#sass #css

Posted 2021-05-11

<div class="app">
  <!--
  An element should know only its own child elements,
  child elements should not know the parent element.
  (at least, in HTML)
  Therefore, well-structured element has ONLY 1-2 class(es).
  -->
  <div class="app--note note">
    <ul class="note--list list">
      <li class="list--li li">Item</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Anti pattern -->
<div class="app">
  <div class="app--note">
    <!-- .app knows too many things. -->
    <ul class="app--note--list">
      <!-- .app--note knows too many things. -->
      <li class="app--note--list--li">Item</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!--
Note: `--` in HTML comment is invalid.
      This is just an example.
-->

/* =============================================
   1. Element Layer
   2. Object Layer (IS-A)
   3. Component Layer (HAS-A)
   4. Application Layer
   ============================================ */
/* ===============================================
   1. Element Layer
      Styles for SINGLE element with Type selector
   =============================================== */
li {
  /* defines generic li styles */
}

ul {
  /* defines generic ul styles */
}

/* ================================================
   2. Object Layer (IS-A)
      Styles for SINGLE element with Class selector
   ================================================ */
.li {
  /* overrides li styles */
}

.list {
  /* overrides ul styles */
}

/* ====================================================
   3. Component Layer (HAS-A)
      Styles for Aggregation/Composition of elements.
      Styles for Aggregation/Composition of components.
      EVERYTHING CAN BE REPRESENTED AS COMPONENT.
   ==================================================== */
.list {
  /* overrides .list styles */
}

.list--li {
  /* overrides .li styles */
}

.note {
  /* defines .note styles */
}

.note--list {
  /* overrides .list styles */
}

.note--list .list--li {
  /* overrides .list--li styles */
}

/* ========================================================
   4. Application Layer
      Context-specific style, Project-specific style etc.
   ======================================================== */
.app {
  /* defines .app styles */
}

.app--note .note--list .list--li {
  /* overrides .list--li styles */
}

// ----
// Sass (v3.4.9)
// Compass (v1.0.1)
// ----

// CSS/Sass: Robust/Scalable Layered CSS Architecture
//
// http://twitter.com/whizark
//
// Other ideas
// https://github.com/whizark/xass#ideas

/* =============================================
   1. Element Layer
   2. Object Layer (IS-A)
   3. Component Layer (HAS-A)
   4. Application Layer
   ============================================ */

// CSS is an inheritance-oriented language,
// so there are some issues also in this example.
//
// Using Mixin, Delegation with pre/post-processor such as Sass,
// it would be more better.

/* ===============================================
   1. Element Layer
      Styles for SINGLE element with Type selector
   =============================================== */

// Element type (li)
li { /* defines generic li styles */ }

// Element type (ul)
ul { /* defines generic ul styles */ }

/* ================================================
   2. Object Layer (IS-A)
      Styles for SINGLE element with Class selector
   ================================================ */

// .li is li element.
.li   { /* overrides li styles */}

// .list-item is li element.
.list { /* overrides ul styles */ }

// These are similar with property/method chaining.
// e.g. (pseudo-code)
// var li   = new Li();            // element: .li
// li.style = { /* styles */ };    // styles : .li
//
// var list = new Ul();            // element: .list
// list.style = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .li

// other objects ...

// ANTI PATTERN:
// Do not use BEM-like syntax for a variant (`element--modifier`):
//   .li--featured { /* variant styles of .li */ }
//
// Defines new name for a variant of object:
//   .featured-li { /* variant styles of .li */ }

/* ====================================================
   3. Component Layer (HAS-A)
      Styles for Aggregation/Composition of elements.
      Styles for Aggregation/Composition of components.
      EVERYTHING CAN BE REPRESENTED AS COMPONENT.
   ==================================================== */
// Note:
// I use `--` as a class name separator to represent child element
// and `--` just measn *has* .
// This is similar with BEM's Element syntax (`block__element`).

// .list has .li
.list     { /* overrides .list styles */ }
.list--li { /* overrides .li styles */ }

// These are similar with property/method chaining.
// e.g. (pseudo-code)
// list.li       = li;                // element: .list--li
// list.style    = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .list
// list.li.style = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .list--li

// Nesting compoenent;
// Defines new class name for only its own child elements.
.note                 { /* defines .note styles */ }
.note--list           { /* overrides .list styles */ }
.note--list .list--li { /* overrides .list--li styles */ }

// These are similar with property/method chaining.
// e.g. (pseudo-code)
// var note = new Note();                  // element: .note
//
// note.list          = list;              // element: .note--list
// note.style         = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .note
// note.list.style    = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .note--list
// note.list.li.style = { /* styles */ };  // styles : .note--list .list--li

/* ========================================================
   4. Application Layer
      Context-specific style, Project-specific style etc.
   ======================================================== */
// Application-level element/context.
// THIS IS ALSO A COMPONENT.
.app { /* defines .app styles */ }
.app--note .note--list .list--li {
  /* overrides .list--li styles */
}

// These are similar with property/method chaining.
// e.g. (pseudo-code)
// var app = new App();  // element: .app
//
// note.note = note;     // element: .app--note
//
// styles: .spp-note .note--list .list--li
// app.note.list.li.style = { /* styles */ };

<div class="app">
  <!--
  An element should know only its own child elements,
  child elements should not know the parent element.
  (at least, in HTML)
  Therefore, well-structured element has ONLY 1-2 class(es).
  -->
  <div class="app--note note">
    <ul class="note--list list">
      <li class="list--li li">Item</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Anti pattern -->
<div class="app">
  <div class="app--note">
    <!-- .app knows too many things. -->
    <ul class="app--note--list">
      <!-- .app--note knows too many things. -->
      <li class="app--note--list--li">Item</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>

<!--
Note: `--` in HTML comment is invalid.
      This is just an example.
-->