sh 在FreeBSD上安装和配置MySQL

Posted 2021-05-07

MySQL
=====

Install
-------
Using the path to the current `mysqlXX-server` port, download, install and clean (note the MySQL version here is *5.6*, but this can change as future versions get released):
```
sudo make config-recursive install distclean -C /usr/ports/databases/mysql56-server
```

Configure
---------
To add MySQL to startup, edit the `rc.conf` file with:
```
sudo ee /etc/rc.conf
```

Now add the following to the files, with the bind-address argument that sets MySQL to only allow connections on the localhost. Save and exit (alternatively, use `sudo sysrc mysql_enable=yes` command to add each line to the end of the file):
```
mysql_enable="YES"
mysql_args="--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
```

Startup MySQL now with the following command:
```
sudo service mysql-server start
```

Once MySQL has started, configure MySQL for a production enviroment with the following (be sure to generate a password for root user when prompted, for the rest hit `RETURN` for the default settings):
```
sudo mysql_secure_installation
```

Next start the MySQL terminal interface with the following (inputting the password when prompted):
```
mysql -u root -p
```

Change the root user's username to something a little more entropic and flush the currently loaded priveledges for it to take effect with:
```
UPDATE mysql.user set user = '[username]' where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
```

Exit the MySQL CLI (`exit`) and login again (entering password again when prompted) using the new username to ensure the change was successful:
```
mysql -u [username] -p
```

MySQL does not create a config file (`.cnf`) for customisation by default, but it does have a default config file *that should not be edited directly*. To setup a customisable config file for MySQL, copy `my-default.cnf` to `/var/db/mysql/my.cnf`:
```
sudo cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /var/db/mysql/my.cnf
```

To see what the currently loaded MySQL variables are, use the following MySQL command (will need to do in terminal with the command above to enter mode, or perhaps a MySQL program like Sequel Pro)(use `SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%variable_name%'` to show a specific loaded variable):
```
SHOW VARIABLES
```

Edit the MySQL config file using the below command, then remove the warning at the top of the file about editing this file:
```
sudo ee /var/db/mysql/my.cnf
```

Uncomment and change the `innodb_buffer_pool_size` to the required size (note the MySQL commentation that recommends if the system is used as a dedicated server it is set to 70% of the total server RAM. i.e. 512mb / 100 * 70 = ~358mb)
```
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 358M
```

Add `max_connections` directive with a required value to set the number of concurrent MySQL requests (note `max_connections` is `max_connections` + 1 for admin usage). Note that there is no easy way to calculate this, MySQL say it "depends on the quality of the thread library on a given platform, the amount of RAM available, how much RAM is used for each connection, the workload from each connection, and the desired response time":
```
max_connections = 501
```

Add `query_cache_size` directive and set it to either `0` to disable the query cache size limit, or  very small value (Warning: setting this too high can slow down the system. Benchmarking and research will be needed):
```
query_cache_size = 0
```

Restart MySQL with:
```
sudo service mysql-server restart
```

#!/bin/sh

MYSQL_PORT_DIR="/usr/ports/databases/mysql56-server";
MYSQL_CNF_DIR="/var/db/mysql/my.cnf";
RC_CNF_DIR="/etc/rc.conf";

# set_line()
#
# Searches a file for an old string in each line of the file. If the
# old string is found within a line, the entire contents of the line
# gets replaced with a new string. Else (if the old string is not
# found) the new string gets added to the last line of the file.
#
# Uses sed command (BSD version, not GNU)
# @author Will Squire <[e-mail]>
#
# @example set_line "max_connections =" "max_connections = 501" /var/db/mysql/my.cnf
#
# @param $old_string
# @param $new_string
# @param $file
set_line() {
   sed -i '' '/.*'"$1"'.*/{
h
s/.*/'"$2"'/
}
${
x
/^$/{
s//'"$2"'/
H
}
x
}' $3
}

#####################################
# Installation
#####################################

# Install MySQL if not already installed
if ! pkg info mysql56-server; then
    # Port's config file has already been run through. This is the result
    # of running the config command (to avoid choosing compile options
    # interactively)
    cat <<"MAKEFILE" > "$MYSQL_PORT_DIR/Makefile"
    # Created by: Alex Dupre <[e-mail]>
    # $FreeBSD: head/databases/mysql56-server/Makefile 413746 2016-04-21 16:43:14Z swills $

    PORTNAME?=	mysql
    PORTVERSION=	5.6.30
    PORTREVISION?=	0
    CATEGORIES=	databases ipv6
    MASTER_SITES=	MYSQL/MySQL-5.6
    PKGNAMESUFFIX?=	56-server

    MAINTAINER=	[e-mail]
    COMMENT?=	Multithreaded SQL database (server)

    BROKEN_powerpc64=	Does not build

    SLAVEDIRS=	databases/mysql56-client
    USES=		cmake shebangfix

    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DINSTALL_DOCDIR="share/doc/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_DOCREADMEDIR="share/doc/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_INCLUDEDIR="include/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_INFODIR="info" \
            -DINSTALL_LIBDIR="lib/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_MANDIR="man" \
            -DINSTALL_MYSQLDATADIR="/var/db/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_MYSQLSHAREDIR="share/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_MYSQLTESTDIR="share/mysql/tests" \
            -DINSTALL_PLUGINDIR="lib/mysql/plugin" \
            -DINSTALL_SBINDIR="libexec" \
            -DINSTALL_SCRIPTDIR="bin" \
            -DINSTALL_SHAREDIR="share" \
            -DINSTALL_SQLBENCHDIR="share/mysql" \
            -DINSTALL_SUPPORTFILESDIR="share/mysql" \
            -DWITH_EDITLINE=system \
            -DWITH_LIBWRAP=1

    SHEBANG_FILES=	scripts/*.pl* scripts/*.sh

    .ifdef USE_MYSQL
    .error You have `USE_MYSQL' variable defined either in environment or in make(1) arguments. Please undefine and try again.
    .endif

    # MySQL-Server part
    .if !defined(CLIENT_ONLY)
    USE_MYSQL=	yes
    WANT_MYSQL_VER=	56

    USES+=		perl5
    USE_PERL5=	run

    CONFLICTS_INSTALL=	mysql5[0-57-9]-server-* \
                mariadb*-server-* \
                percona*-server-*

    USE_RC_SUBR=	mysql-server

    USERS=		mysql
    GROUPS=		mysql

    MMAN1=		my_print_defaults.1 myisam_ftdump.1 myisamchk.1 myisamlog.1 myisampack.1 \
            mysql.server.1 mysql_convert_table_format.1 mysql_fix_extensions.1 \
            mysql_install_db.1 mysql_plugin.1 mysql_secure_installation.1 mysql_setpermission.1 \
            mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1 mysql_upgrade.1 mysql_zap.1 mysqlbug.1 \
            mysqld_multi.1 mysqld_safe.1 mysqldumpslow.1 mysqlhotcopy.1 mysqlman.1 \
            mysqltest.1 perror.1 replace.1 resolve_stack_dump.1 resolveip.1

    CMAKE_ARGS+=	-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER="ON"
    .else
    USES+=		libedit
    .endif

    post-patch:
        @${REINPLACE_CMD} 's/*.1/${MMAN1}/' ${WRKSRC}/man/CMakeLists.txt

    .include <bsd.port.pre.mk>

    .if ${ARCH} == "armv6"
    EXTRA_PATCHES+=		${FILESDIR}/extra-patch-config.h.cmake
    .endif

    .include <bsd.port.post.mk>
MAKEFILE

    # Download and install
    make install distclean -DBATCH -C $MYSQL_PORT_DIR;
fi

#####################################
# Configuration
#####################################

## Set environment variables in rc.conf
set_line "mysql_enable=" 'mysql_enable="YES"' $RC_CNF_DIR;
set_line "mysql_args=" 'mysql_args="--bind-address=127.0.0.1"' $RC_CNF_DIR;

# Start MySQL if not already running
if ! service mysql-server status; then
    service mysql-server start;
fi

# Copy MySQL's default configuration file for editing
sudo cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-default.cnf $MYSQL_CNF_DIR;

# Set MySQL variables in my.cnf
set_line "innodb_buffer_pool_size =" "innodb_buffer_pool_size = 358M" $MYSQL_CNF_DIR;
set_line "max_connections =" "max_connections = 501" $MYSQL_CNF_DIR;
set_line "query_cache_size =" "query_cache_size = 0" $MYSQL_CNF_DIR;

# Restart MySQL
service mysql-server restart