sh 拱门安装

Posted 2021-05-06

http://www.muktware.io/arch-linux-guide-the-always-up-to-date-arch-linux-tutorial/

Items wrapped in {{}} are variables. Choose your own.



# Download Arch and make a bootable USB
https://www.archlinux.org/download/


# Set keyboard layout after booting
loadkeys uk



### Set up wireless

# Identify adapters
ip link

# If ethernet or virtualbox ethernet
dhcpcd

# If wifi, open wifi selection menu if necessary
wifi-menu -o {{adapter_code}} # wlp2s0 #

# Check connection status
ping 8.8.8.8 (ctrl+c to stop)



### Partitioning

# Identify structure on a storage device
lsblk

# Initialise partition software
parted {{storage_device_code}} # /dev/sdX #


##########################  MBR/BIOS ONLY #############################

# Label partition
mklabel msdos

# Partition disk
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/partitioning#Discrete_partitions
# swap
mkpart primary linux-swap 1MiB 8193MiB # OPTIONAL
# root
mkpart primary ext4 8193MiB 58193MiB
# home
mkpart primary ext4 58193MiB 100%

# Set boot flag (partition #2 - Root)
set 2 boot on

# Quit parted
ctrl+c

# Format partitions
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 # Root
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 # Home

# Init Swap (if swap partition was created)
mkswap /dev/sda1 # Swap
swapon /dev/sda1

# Mount Root
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

# Mount Home
mkdir -p /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

#######################################################################


##########################  GPT/UEFI ONLY #############################

# Label partition
mklabel gpt

# Partition disk
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/partitioning#Discrete_partitions
# boot
mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 513MiB
# swap
mkpart primary linux-swap 513MiB 8706MiB # OPTIONAL
# root
mkpart primary ext4 8706MiB 58706MiB
# home
mkpart primary ext4 58706MiB 100%

# Set boot flag (partition #1 - Boot)
set 1 boot on

# Quit parted
ctrl+c

# Format partitions
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1 # Boot
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 # Root
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4 # Home

# Init Swap
mkswap /dev/sda2 # Swap
swapon /dev/sda2

# Mount Root
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt

# Mount Boot
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

# Mount Home
mkdir -p /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/home

#######################################################################



### Installation

# Open mirrorlist
nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# Search closest location
ctrl+w {{location_name}}

# Copy location
alt+6

# Go to top of the file
pageup

# Paste location
ctrl+u

# Save and close
ctrl+x
y
enter

# Install base packages
pacstrap -i /mnt base base-devel

# Generate fstab file
genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab

# Chroot into new system
arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

# Create Swapfile (Only if swap partition was not created)
fallocate -l 2048M /swapfile

# Edit locale
nano /etc/locale.gen

# Find your language and uncomment it
remove "# " from the front of your language

# Save and close
ctrl+x
y
enter

# Generate locale config
locale-gen
echo LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8

# Select timezone
tzselect

# Follow instructions, then symlink it
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London > /etc/localtime

# Set clock to UTC
hwclock -wu



### Set up boot manager and hostname

# Configure boot loader (MBR/BIOS)
pacman -S grub os-prober
grub-install --recheck --target=i386-pc /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# Configure boot loader (GTP/UEFI)
pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=grub
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# Hostname config
echo {{your_preferred_machine_name}} > /etc/hostname
passwd

# Shutdown
exit
umount -R /mnt
shutdown -h now



#########################
REMOVE INSTALLATION MEDIA
#########################



### Network connections

# Wired
ip link # enp0s3 #
systemctl start dhcpcd@{{eth_adapter_code}}.service
systemctl enable dhcpcd@{{eth_adapter_code}}.service
ping 8.8.8.8 (ctrl+c to stop)

# Wireless
ip link # wlp2s0 #
systemctl stop dhcpcd@{{eth_adapter_code}}.service
pacman -S iw wpa_supplicant dialog
ping 8.8.8.8 (ctrl+c to stop)



### User management
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Users_and_groups#Group_list

# Create user
useradd -m -G wheel,users -s /bin/bash {{user_name}}

# Set password
passwd {{user_name}}

# Install sudo
pacman -S sudo

# Edit visudo file to give user sudo powers
EDITOR=nano visudo

# Uncomment the following line to give wheel group all permissions
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Save and close
ctrl+x
y
enter

# Install terminal completion package
pacman -S bash-completion



### Repositories configuration

# Edit conf file
nano /etc/pacman.conf

# Uncomment multilib for x86 application packages
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# Save and close
ctrl+x
y
enter

# Update repositories
pacman -Sy



### Install X-server and graphics drivers

# Xorg
pacman -S xorg-server

# If using Intel Graphics (VM always does)
pacman -S xf86-video-intel

# If using NVidia
pacman -S nvidia nvidia-libgl

# If using ATI/AMD
pacman -S xf86-video-ati lib32-mesa-libgl

# If using a laptop with touch inputs (touchpad)
pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics



### DM, WM, DE installation

# DM
pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

# Enable the greeter
ls -1 /usr/share/xgreeters/
nano /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

# Change the following line
# greeter-session = Session to load for greeter
# to
greeter session = lightdm-{{greeter_type}}-greeter
# Don't forget to uncomment

# WM
pacman -S gtk3 xorg

# DE
pacman -S gnome gnome-{extra,shell}

# Enable DM
systemctl enable lightdm.service
systemctl start lightdm.service



### RESTART YOUR MACHINE FOR UI ACCESS AND USER LOGIN



### Extra software

# Gnome
sudo pacman -S gnome-{tweak-tool,software,initial-setup,shell-extensions}

# Extras
sudo pacman –S vlc clementine handbrake-cli handbrake-gtk gimp libreoffice-fresh digikam transmission-gtk



### Installing package browsing

# Install git
pacman -S git

# Get package-query and build
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package-query.git
cd package-query
makepkg -si

# Go back one up
cd ../

# Install yay (as of 10/2018)
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -si

# Go back one up
cd ../

# Install pamac (pacman/yay GUI)
yay -S pamac



### Installing Virtualbox guest additions (if installing on a VM on Virtualbox)
virtualbox-guest-utils # In pamac