markdown 使用qemu创建FreeBSD虚拟机。使用xhyve运行VM。
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# TL;DR
- Create 10GB FreeBSD image using QEMU.
- Run the VM using xhyve.
- Mount host directory.
- Resize the image.
# Requisites
- OSX
- [Homebrew](http://brew.sh)
- [xhyve](https://github.com/mist64/xhyve)
```
$ brew install xhyve --HEAD
```
- [QEMU](http://www.qemu.org)
```
$ brew install qemu
```
- FreeBSD installer. Download from https://www.freebsd.org/where.html
### macports
```
$ sudo port install qemu xhyve
$ sudo /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign 'apple-id@valid.org' -o library --entitlements /opt/local/share/xhyve/entitlements.plist /opt/local/bin/xhyve
## need to sign the userboot.so too
$ sudo /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign 'apple-id@valid.org' -o library --entitlements /opt/local/share/xhyve/entitlements.plist /opt/local/share/xhyve/test/userboot.so
```
More info on [signing](https://help.apple.com/xcode/mac/current/#/dev60b6fbbc7)
# Create Virtual Machine
- This Example creates 10GB image.
```
$ cd /Path/to/workdir
$ qemu-img create -f raw VM10G.raw 10G
Formatting 'VM10G.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240
$ ls
FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso VM10G.raw
```
# Install FreeBSD
```
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -m 256 -hda VM10G.raw -cdrom FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'VM10G.raw' and probing guessed raw.
Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
```
QEMU window will open. Install FreeBSD.
## or download vm image
https://www.freebsd.org/where.html
# Run The VM Using xhyve
## #1
Before using xhyve, run the vm using qemu.
```
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -m 256 -hda VM10G.raw
```
Change GEOM name 'ada0' to 'vtbd0'.
Change /etc/fstab:
```
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/ada0p2 / ufs rw 1 1
/dev/ada0p3 none swap sw 0 0
```
to
```
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/vtbd0p2 / ufs rw 1 1
/dev/vtbd0p3 none swap sw 0 0
```
**Note**: We're changing the devices from `/dev/ada***` to `/dev/vtbd***`.
And set DHCP to vtnet0 interface.
Edit /etc/rc.conf
```
ifconfig_vtnet0="DHCP"
```
Shut it down and close the qemu window.
## #2
Create running script.
xhyverun-freebsd.sh
```
#!/bin/sh
USERBOOT="/Users/YOUR_USERNAME/Library/Caches/Homebrew/xhyve--git/test/userboot.so"
BOOTVOLUME="VM10G.raw"
KERNELENV=""
MEM="-m 2G"
SMP="-c 2"
IMG_HDD="-s 4:0,virtio-blk,$BOOTVOLUME"
PCI_DEV="-s 0:0,hostbridge -s 31,lpc"
LPC_DEV="-l com1,stdio"
NET="-s 2:0,virtio-net"
# UUID="-U deaddead-dead-dead-dead-deaddeaddead"
xhyve -A $MEM $SMP $PCI_DEV $LPC_DEV $NET $IMG_CD $IMG_HDD $UUID -f fbsd,$USERBOOT,$BOOTVOLUME,"$KERNELENV"
```
The `testboot.so` file can also be found in the [xhyve](https://github.com/mist64/xhyve) repository under the test directory, if you'd like to store it somewhere else.
Run the FreeBSD VM.
```
$ sudo ./xhyverun-freebsd.sh
______ ____ _____ _____
| ____| | _ \ / ____| __ \
| |___ _ __ ___ ___ | |_) | (___ | | | |
| ___| '__/ _ \/ _ \| _ < \___ \| | | |
| | | | | __/ __/| |_) |____) | |__| |
| | | | | | || | | |
|_| |_| \___|\___||____/|_____/|_____/ ``` `
s` `.....---.......--.``` -/
+============Welcome to FreeBSD===========+ +o .--` /y:` +.
| | yo`:. :o `+-
| 1. Boot Multi User [Enter] | y/ -/` -o/
| 2. Boot [S]ingle User | .- ::/sy+:.
| 3. [Esc]ape to loader prompt | / `-- /
| 4. Reboot | `: :`
| | `: :`
| Options: | / /
| 5. [K]ernel: kernel (1 of 2) | .- -.
| 6. Configure Boot [O]ptions... | -- -.
| | `:` `:`
| | .-- `--.
| | .---.....----.
+=========================================+
```
If you got following mount error, you may be forgeting #1.
```
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ada0p2 [rw]...
mountroot: waiting for device /dev/ada0p2 ...
Mounting from ufs:/dev/ada0p2 failed with error 19.
Loader variables:
vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/ada0p2
vfs.root.mountfrom.options=rw
Manual root filesystem specification:
<fstype>:<device> [options]
Mount <device> using filesystem <fstype>
and with the specified (optional) option list.
eg. ufs:/dev/da0s1a
zfs:tank
cd9660:/dev/acd0 ro
(which is equivalent to: mount -t cd9660 -o ro /dev/acd0 /)
? List valid disk boot devices
. Yield 1 second (for background tasks)
<empty line> Abort manual input
mountroot>
```
But you can mount device manually.
```
mountroot> ?
List of GEOM managed disk devices:
gptid/5bebeba9-6364-11e5-abe5-bd56998f3bd1 gptid/5be6a257-6364-11e5-abe5-bd56998f3bd1 ufsid/56050e05aac93398 gptid/5be40c9f-6364-11e5-abe5-bd56998f3bd1 diskid/DISK-BHYVE-1C5B-53F3-EA71p3 diskid/DISK-BHYVE-1C5B-53F3-EA71p2 diskid/DISK-BHYVE-1C5B-53F3-EA71p1 vtbd0p3 vtbd0p2 vtbd0p1 diskid/DISK-BHYVE-1C5B-53F3-EA71 vtbd0
mountroot> ufs:ufsid/56050e05aac93398
```
# Mount Host Directory
- Reference https://github.com/mist64/xhyve/issues/45
### On Host(192.168.64.1)
```
$ sudo touch /etc/exports
$ sudo emacs /etc/exports
```
Edit /etc/exports ([exports(5)](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man5/exports.5.html))
```
/PATH/TO/EXPORTDIR -mapall=501 -network 192.168.64.0 -mask 255.255.255.0
```
Reread file ([nfsd(8)](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man8/nfsd.8.html))
```
$ sudo nfsd update
```
### On VM
Mount
```
# mkdir /usr/home/YOU/host-shared
# sudo mount 192.168.64.1:/PATH/TO/EXPORTDIR /usr/home/YOU/host-shared
```
Unmount
```
# mount
/dev/vtbd0p2 on / (ufs, local, journaled soft-updates)
devfs on /dev (devfs, local, multilabel)
192.168.64.1:/PATH/TO/EXPORTDIR on /usr/home/YOU/host-shared (nfs)
# sudo umount 192.168.64.1:/PATH/TO/EXPORTDIR
```
# Resizing and Growing Disks
- Reference https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disks-growing.html
Resize VM size on Host. This example 10GB -> 15GB.
```
$ qemu-img resize VM10G.raw 15GB
```
Fix disk partitions configuration on VM
```
# gpart show
=> 34 20971453 vtbd0 GPT (15G) [CORRUPT]
34 1024 1 freebsd-boot (512K)
1058 19919872 2 freebsd-ufs (9.5G)
19920930 1048576 3 freebsd-swap (512M)
20969506 1981 - free - (991K)
# gpart recover vtbd0
vtbd0 recovered
# gpart show
=> 34 31457213 vtbd0 GPT (15G)
34 1024 1 freebsd-boot (512K)
1058 19919872 2 freebsd-ufs (9.5G)
19920930 1048576 3 freebsd-swap (512M)
20969506 10487741 - free - (5.0G)
```
Delete swap partition
```
# swapoff /dev/vtbd0p3
# gpart delete -i 3 vtbd0
vtbd0p3 deleted
# gpart show
=> 34 31457213 vtbd0 GPT (15G)
34 1024 1 freebsd-boot (512K)
1058 19919872 2 freebsd-ufs (9.5G)
19920930 11536317 - free - (5.5G)
```
Resize freebsd-ufs partition
```
# gpart resize -i 2 -a 4k -s 14G vtbd0
vtbd0p2 resized
root@xhyve-freebsd:~ # gpart show
=> 34 31457213 vtbd0 GPT (15G)
34 1024 1 freebsd-boot (512K)
1058 29360126 2 freebsd-ufs (14G)
29361184 2096063 - free - (1.0G)
```
Recreate swap partition
```
# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k -s 512M vtbd0
vtbd0p3 added
# gpart show
=> 34 31457213 vtbd0 GPT (15G)
34 1024 1 freebsd-boot (512K)
1058 29360126 2 freebsd-ufs (14G)
29361184 1048576 3 freebsd-swap (512M)
30409760 1047487 - free - (511M)
# swapon /dev/vtbd0p3
```
Grow the UFS file system
```
# growfs /dev/vtbd0p2
Device is mounted read-write; resizing will result in temporary write suspension for /.
It's strongly recommended to make a backup before growing the file system.
OK to grow filesystem on /dev/vtbd0p2, mounted on /, from 9.5GB to 14GB? [Yes/No] Yes
super-block backups (for fsck_ffs -b #) at:
20516032, 21798272, 23080512, 24362752, 25644992, 26927232, 28209472
```
Check the resized file system.
```
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/vtbd0p2 14G 1.9G 11G 16% /
devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev
```
You might want to consider renaming the `raw` file since it is no longer 10 GB.
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