markdown CSS伪元素用于设置元素的指定部分的样式。在某些情况下，您可以使用特定于供应商的p来设置本机HTML控

Posted 2021-05-06

Styling native elements
-------------
Native HTML controls are a challenge to style. You can style any element in the web platform that uses Shadow DOM with a pseudo element `::pseudo-element` or the `/deep/` path selector.

```css
video::webkit-media-controls-timeline {
  background-color: lime;
}

video /deep/ input[type=range] {
  background-color: lime;
}
```

Note
-------------
All Trident pseudo-elements listed here were added in IE10 and will not work in earlier versions of Internet Explorer. In WebKit, to style some pseudo-elements you must set the basis element’s `-webkit-appearance` pseudo-class to `none`.


<input type="search">
-------------

```css
input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button

input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button:after

input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration

input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-decoration

input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-button

input[type=search]::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container
```


<input type="file">
-------------
WebKit provides a hook for its file input button with the pseudo-element.

```css
input[type=file]::-ms-browse

input[type=file]::-webkit-file-upload-button

input[type=file]:focus::-webkit-file-upload-button

input[type=file]:active::-webkit-file-upload-button

input[type=file]:active:disabled::-webkit-file-upload-button

input[type=file] > input[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner
```

<input type="range">
-------------
WebKit provides a pseudo-element for the track and for the range handle itself. As of Firefox 22, Gecko provides pseudo-elements for styling range inputs. Trident provides a bunch of pseudo-elements to customize its range selector.

```css
input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-container

input[type=range]::-webkit-media-slider-container

input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-runnable-track

input[type=range]:focus::-webkit-slider-runnable-track

input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb

input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb:before

input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb:after

input[type=range]:active::-webkit-slider-thumb

input[type=range]:hover::-webkit-slider-thumb:before

input[type=range]:hover::-webkit-slider-thumb:after

input[type=range]:focus::-webkit-slider-thumb:before

input[type=range]:focus::-webkit-slider-thumb:after

input[type=range]:disabled::-webkit-slider-thumb:before

input[type=range]:disabled::-webkit-slider-thumb:after

input[type=range]::-webkit-media-slider-thumb

input[type=range]:disabled::-webkit-slider-thumb

input[type=range]:hover::-webkit-slider-thumb

input[type=range]:focus::-webkit-slider-thumb

input[type=range]::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper

input[type=range]::-webkit-color-swatch

input[type=range]::-moz-range-track

input[type=range][orient=vertical]::-moz-range-track

input[type=range]:focus::-moz-range-track

input[type=range]::-moz-range-progress

input[type=range]::-moz-range-thumb

input[type=range]:focus::-moz-range-thumb

input[type=range]:focus::-moz-range-thumb:before

input[type=range]:focus::-moz-range-thumb:after

input[type=range]::-moz-focus-outer

input[type=range]::-ms-fill-lower

input[type=range]::-ms-fill-upper

input[type=range]::-ms-ticks-before

input[type=range]::-ms-ticks-after

input[type=range]::-ms-thumb

input[type=range]::-ms-thumb:hover

input[type=range]::-ms-track

input[type=range]:focus::-ms-track

input[type=range]::ms-tooltip
```


<input type="time">
-------------
Applies one or more styles to the clear button of a text input control. The clear button is shown only when the text input control has focus and is not empty.

```css
input[type=time]::-ms-clear

input[type=time]::-webkit-clear-button
```


<input type="date">
-------------
The following pseudo-elements are made available by WebKit for customizing a date input’s textbox.

```css
input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit

input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper

input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit-text

input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field

input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field

input[type=date]::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field

input[type=date]::-webkit-inner-spin-button

input[type=date]::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator

input[type=date]::-webkit-clear-button
```


<input type="color">
-------------
Webkit provides two pseudo elements for its color picker.

```css
input[type=color]::-webkit-color-swatch

input[type=color]::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper

input[type=color]::-moz-color-swatch

input[type=color]::-moz-focus-inner
```


<input type="number">
-------------
WebKit provides a spinner control by default for number picker inputs. While you cannot do a whole lot with these elements, it can be useful to hide the spinner.

```css
input[type=number]::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container

input[type=number]::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container:before

input[type=number]::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container:after

input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button

input[type=number]::-webkit-outer-spin-button

input[type=number]::-moz-number-wrapper

input[type=number]::-moz-number-text

input[type=number]::-moz-number-spin-box

input[type=number]::-moz-number-spin-up

input[type=number]::-moz-number-spin-down
```


<input type="checkbox">
-------------
Trident provides a pseudo-element for checkbox button control.

```css
input[type=checkbox]::-ms-check
```


<input type="radio">
-------------
Trident provides a pseudo-element for the radio button control.

```css
input[type=radio]::-ms-check
```


<input type="text">
-------------
As of IE10 Trident provides the pseudo-element ::-ms-value to style the value portion of text inputs. Further more in IE10 when a text input has focus and is not empty, a small (x) control appears in the right hand side of the input. When clicked, the control will clear the contents of the text input.

```css
input[type=text]::-ms-value

input[type=text]::-ms-clear
```


<input type="password">
-------------
Trident provides a control on password inputs that can be pressed to display the password in plain text. And as of IE10 Trident provides the pseudo-element ::-ms-value to style the value portion of text inputs.

```css
input[type=password]::-ms-reveal

input[type=password]::-ms-value
```


<input type="reset">
-------------

```css
input[type=reset]::-moz-focus-inner
```


<input type="submit">
-------------

```css
input[type=submit]::-moz-focus-inner
```


<input type="button">
-------------

```css
input[type=button]::-moz-focus-inner
```


placeholder Attribute
-------------
WebKit and Gecko provide a placeholder pseudo-element. *Note: Gecko switched from the pseudo-class `:-moz-placeholder` to the pseudo-element `::-moz-placeholder` in Firefox 19.*

```css
::-moz-placeholder

:-ms-input-placeholder

::-webkit-input-placeholder
```


<keygen>
-------------
WebKit provides a pseudo-element that can be used to customize the dropdown that a keygen element uses.

```css
::-webkit-keygen-select
```


<input>
-------------
Gecko and Webkit applies following pseudo-elements to there inputs.

```css
input:valid + label::after

input:invalid + label::after

input::-webkit-input-list-button

input::-webkit-input-speech-button

input::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container

input::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator

input::-moz-placeholder

input::-moz-focus-inner

input::-ms-clear
```


<button>
-------------

```css
button::-moz-focus-inner
```


<select>
-------------
As of IE10 Trident gives you a hook to style the arrow within select dropdowns.

```css
select::-ms-expand
```


<details>
-------------

```css
details::-webkit-details-marker
```


<summary>
-------------

```css
summary::-webkit-details-marker
```


<meter>
-------------
WebKit provides pseudo-elements to customize the display of meter elements. 

```css
meter::-webkit-meter

meter::-webkit-meter-horizontal-bar

meter::-webkit-meter-vertical-bar

meter::-webkit-meter-horizontal-optimum-value

meter::-webkit-meter-horizontal-suboptimal-value

meter::-webkit-meter-horizontal-even-less-good-value

meter::-webkit-meter-vertical-optimum-value

meter::-webkit-meter-vertical-suboptimal-value

meter::-webkit-meter-vertical-even-less-good-value

meter::-moz-meter-bar

meter:-moz-meter-optimum::-moz-meter-bar

meter:-moz-meter-sub-optimum::-moz-meter-bar

meter:-moz-meter-sub-sub-optimum::-moz-meter-bar
```

On Mac OS X, WebKit provides multiple built-in appearances for `<meter>`.
```css
 /* Default */
-webkit-appearance: continuous-capacity-level-indicator;
-webkit-appearance: discrete-capacity-level-indicator;
-webkit-appearance: relevancy-level-indicator;
-webkit-appearance: rating-level-indicator;
```


&lt;progress&gt;
-------------
WebKit provides pseudo-elements to style progress elements. And Gecko provides a pseudo-element to style the progress bar itself. Like Gecko, Trident provides a single pseudo-element to style the progress bar.

```css
progress::-webkit-progress-bar

progress::-webkit-progress-value

progress::-webkit-progress-bar-value

progress::-moz-progress-bar

progress::-ms-fill
```


&lt;textarea&gt;
-------------
This pseudo-element also allows some basic styling for the textarea resizer.

```css
textarea::-webkit-resizer

textarea::-webkit-resizer:window-inactive

textarea::-webkit-input-placeholder

textarea::-moz-placeholder
```

*Note: Adding `display: none` to `::-webkit-resizer` doesn't actually prevent the user from resizing the textarea, it just hides the control. If you want to disable resizing in textarea use this.*

```css
textarea {
  resize: none;
}
```


&lt;img&gt;
-------------
```css
img::-webkit-image-inner-element
```


&lt;p&gt;
-------------

```css
p::after

p::before

p::first-letter

p::first-line

p::selection
```


&lt;video&gt;
-------------

```css
video::-webkit-media-controls-panel

video::-webkit-media-controls-play-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-volume-slider-container

video::-webkit-media-controls-volume-slider

video::-webkit-media-controls-mute-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-timeline

video::-webkit-media-controls-current-time-display

video::-webkit-full-page-media::-webkit-media-controls-panel

video::-webkit-media-controls-timeline-container

video::-webkit-media-controls-time-remaining-display

video::-webkit-media-controls-seek-back-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-seek-forward-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-fullscreen-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-overlay-play-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-rewind-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-return-to-realtime-button

video::-webkit-media-controls-toggle-closed-captions-button
```


&lt;audio&gt;
-------------

```css
audio::-webkit-media-controls-panel

audio::-webkit-media-controls-mute-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-play-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-timeline-container

audio::-webkit-media-controls-current-time-display

audio::-webkit-media-controls-time-remaining-display

audio::-webkit-media-controls-timeline

audio::-webkit-media-controls-volume-slider-container

audio::-webkit-media-controls-volume-slider

audio::-webkit-media-controls-seek-back-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-seek-forward-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-fullscreen-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-rewind-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-return-to-realtime-button

audio::-webkit-media-controls-toggle-closed-captions-button
```


Scrollbar
-------------
Custom Scrollbars in WebKit.

```css
::-webkit-scrollbar

::-webkit-scrollbar-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:disabled

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:horizontal:end:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:horizontal:end:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:horizontal:end:increment:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:horizontal:start:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:horizontal:start:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:vertical:end:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:vertical:end:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:vertical:end:increment:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:vertical:start:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:double-button:vertical:start:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:end:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:end:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:decrement:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:decrement:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:decrement:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:end:increment:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:increment:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:increment:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:increment:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:start:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:horizontal:start:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:start:decrement`

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:start:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:decrement:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:decrement:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:decrement:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:end:increment:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:increment:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:increment:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:increment:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:start:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-button:vertical:start:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-corner

::-webkit-scrollbar-corner:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar-track

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:disabled

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:decrement:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:decrement:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end:double-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end:no-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end:no-button:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:end:single-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:increment:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:increment:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:start:double-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:start:no-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:horizontal:start:single-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:decrement

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:decrement:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:decrement:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end:double-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end:no-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end:no-button:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:end:single-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:increment

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:increment:active

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:increment:hover

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:start

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:start:double-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:start:no-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece:vertical:start:single-button

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:disabled

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:horizontal

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:horizontal:disabled

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:horizontal:disabled:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:vertical:disabled

::-webkit-scrollbar-track:vertical:disabled:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar:horizontal

::-webkit-scrollbar:horizontal:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar:horizontal:window-inactive

::-webkit-scrollbar:vertical

::-webkit-scrollbar:vertical:corner-present

::-webkit-scrollbar:vertical:window-inactive

::-webkit-textfield-decoration-container
```


Form validation message-bubbe
-------------
*Note: Chrome 28 removed support for these pseudo-elements*

```css
::-webkit-validation-bubble

::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow

::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow-clipper

::-webkit-validation-bubble-heading

::-webkit-validation-bubble-message

::-webkit-validation-bubble-text-block
```

Source
-------------
* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Pseudo-elements
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh767361.aspx
* http://realworldvalidator.com/css/pseudoelements