markdown Ubuntu WebDav文件共享

Posted 2021-05-05

# HTTP

> 参考 https://www.jianshu.com/p/17da6608dc74

```
# 安装Apache2服务器
sudo apt-get  install  -y apache2

# 开启Apache2中对WebDav协议的支持 (记住最好在用户目录下执行否则报错)
cd ~
sudo a2enmod dav
sudo a2enmod dav_fs

# 创建共享目录并修改权限
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/webdav
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data  /var/www/webdav

# 创建WebDav的访问用户数据库，顺便创建用户`pi`
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/webdav.password pi
# 创建guest用户
#sudo htpasswd /etc/apache2/webdav.password guest

# 修改用户数据库访问权限
sudo chown root:www-data /etc/apache2/webdav.password
sudo chmod 640 /etc/apache2/webdav.password

# 打开默认配置文件
sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

# 全部替换为以下内容（记得先备份）：

Alias /webdav  /var/www/webdav

<Location /webdav>
 Options Indexes
 DAV On
 AuthType Basic
 AuthName "webdav"
 AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/webdav.password
 Require valid-user
 </Location>

# 重启Apache2服务器
sudo systemctl restart apache2
# 或
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
```

## 磁盘映射
网页里只能像FTP一样显示文件目录和下载文件。
如果要正常使用，我们需要把它映射为本地目录才行：

Mac上：在Finder中用CMD+K打开连接服务器选项，输入http://树莓派IP地址/webdav，输入Webdav创建过的用户名密码来完成映射。
iPhone上：安装网盘访问最强的Readdle Documents，添加WebDav服务，输入信息后就可以访问。直接看文档、看视频、听歌都行。
Windows上：比较麻烦的是，Win7以上默认只支持HTTPS的网络驱动器，做为HTTP的WebDav是不能连的。所以要修改Windows注册表，让它支持HTTP。方法入下：

开始菜单 -> 运行 -> 输入regedit 并按回车，就打开了注册表
注册表中找到`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters\BasicAuthLevel`这个项目，把值从1改为2。
在计算机-管理-服务中重启WebClient服务，或者

```
开始菜单 -> 运行 -> 输入cmd 并按回车，打开命令行
输入net stop webclient并按回车，停止网络客户端
输入net start webclient并按回车，开启网络客户端
```

然后 __在文件夹菜单栏中找到映射网络驱动器(不能空白处右键映射)__，输入网址http://树莓派IP地址/webdav或\\树莓派IP地址\webdav，然后输入用户名密码，就能映射成功了。

浏览器上：随便什么设备，只要是个浏览器就能支持。可以在线播放常用视频，直接打开图片浏览。但是不能上传。

## 挂载外部磁盘（移动硬盘、U盘）
和Samba一样，只要在/var/www/webdav/这个共享出来的文件夹中，创建个空目录，然后把移动硬盘用mount命令挂载到这个目录上。外部就可以访问了。

# HTTPS

> 参考 https://jovicailic.org/2013/10/how-to-install-apache-with-ssl-webdav-on-ubuntu/

Installing Apache with SSL

`$ sudo apt-get install apache2 libaprutil1-dbd-mysql`

Then, setup and generate a cerfitecate for the web server:

`$ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024`

You’ll be asked to enter a pass phrase.

`$ sudo openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure`

You’ll be asked for the pass parse you used in the previous step.

This command generates the certificate you will be asked to fill in some details:

`$ sudo openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr`

`$ sudo openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt`

The certificate now need coping in to the SSL directory:

```
$ sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs
$ sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private
```

Now wee need to enable to SSL site:

```
$ sudo a2enmod ssl
$ sudo a2ensite default-ssl
```

The web server needs to be restarted for the change to take place:

`$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart`

Now, you should now be able to access the server by typing https://ip_address in your browser.

You’ll get a certificate warning about it not being from a trust source you need to click on more details to check that it is the right computer you are connecting to.

Installing WebDAV
First you need to enable WebDav modules:

```
$ sudo a2enmod dav_fs
$ sudo a2enmod dav
```

You need to create a directory to share. For example, it can be in /home/user:

`$ mkdir webdav`

We need to give the web server and the user access to the WebDav directory:

`$sudo chown www-data:user /home/user/webdav`

Next we have to setup a password:

`$ sudo a2enmod auth_digest`

Create a directory where you will store your password files:

`$ sudo mkdir /etc/password`

Create the password file like this (WebDavCloud is the AuthName, and user1 is actual username for accessing the WebDav):

`$ sudo htdigest -c /etc/password/digest-password WebDavCloud user1`

You will be asked to type in a password. Select a strong password, you will use it for accessing to your WebDav directory.

Now we need to edit the default-ssl config files:

`$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default-ssl`

You need to find the part of the file that says:

`CustomLog /var/log/apache2/ssl_access.log combined`

and under that you need to place the following in to the file

```
Alias /webdav /home/user/webdav
#
<Directory /home/user/webdav/>
 Options Indexes MultiViews
 AllowOverride None
 Order allow,deny
 allow from all
</Directory>
#
<Location /webdav>
 DAV On
 AuthType Digest
 AuthName "WebDavCloud"
 AuthUserFile /etc/password/digest-password
 Require valid-user
</Location>
```
其实就是：

```
Alias /webdav /var/www/webdav
#
<Directory /var/www/webdav/>
 Options Indexes MultiViews
 AllowOverride None
 Order allow,deny
 allow from all
</Directory>
#
<Location /webdav>
 DAV On
 AuthType Digest
 AuthName "WebDavCloud"
 AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/webdav.password
 Require valid-user
</Location>
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile      /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
  SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
   SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
```

Now you need to restart the Apache:

`$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart`

You should now be able to access the WebDAV folder by going to https://ip_address/webdav

__这种方式自己产生整数不能映射到Windows上__
Note: If you would like to map your WebDav directory as a network drive from Windows, it’s most likely that you will have big problems. If you want to use WebDav from Windows, you will need to buy a commercial certificate and use it instead of self-generated certificate.