markdown Docker提示和技巧 - 有用的命令
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## 1. General Stuff
### Terminology
An `image` is a set of layers. When you start an `image`, it becomes a running `container`. You can have many running `container`s of the same image.
An instance of an `image` is called a `container`.
The `image` is the recipe, the `container` is the cake. You can make as many cakes as you like with a given recipe. A stopped `container` is a cake in the freezer.
A `volume` is a virtual drive which enables us to persist data and share between containers.
### Start / build environment
docker-compose up
### Start as background process
```
docker-compose up -d
```
The `-d` flag backgrounds the process and log output.
To view logs for a specific container, use `docker-compose logs [container]`
### Stop vs Down
The `docker-compose stop` command will stop your containers, but it won’t remove them.
The `docker-compose down` command will stop your containers, but it also removes the stopped containers as well as any networks that were created.
You can take `down` 1 step further and add the -v flag to remove all volumes too. This is great for doing a full blown reset on your environment by running `docker-compose down -v`.
### To show and follow the log output of the container execute:
```
docker logs -ft container_name
```
### Copy files between host and container
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22907231/copying-files-from-host-to-docker-container
`mycontainer` is a container ID, not an image ID. Get the image ID with `docker ps`
The cp command can be used to copy files. One specific file can be copied into the container like:
```
docker cp foo.txt mycontainer:/foo.txt
docker cp mycontainer:/foo.txt foo.txt
```
Multiple files contained by the folder `src` can be copied into the `target` folder using:
```
docker cp src/. mycontainer:/target
docker cp mycontainer:/src/. target
```
You can also copy files out of a container:
```
docker cp divihub-test_phpfpm_1:/usr/local/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf .
docker cp <containerId>:/file/path/within/container /host/path/target
```
## 2. Containers
### List Running Docker Containers
```
docker ps
```
### List All Docker Containers
```
docker ps -a
```
### SSH into a docker container
See: https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/exec/
In this example `wp` is the service defined in the `docker-compose.yml`
`docker-compose exec <service> bash`
```bash
docker-compose exec <docker_name> bash
docker-compose exec wp bash
# or
docker exec -ti <docker_name> /bin/bash
docker exec -ti divi-card-factory-rsmm_wp_1 /bin/bash
```
### Kill all running docker containers:
```
docker kill $(docker ps -q)
```
### Delete containers of current docker-compose
`-s` flag also shuts down running containers if needed
```
docker-compose rm -s
```
### Delete a specific Docker container
```
docker rm <container_ID>
```
## 3. Images
### Delete the dangling docker images
The ones that are not tagged properly and are hanging around usually as the result of the intermediate container creation:
```
docker rmi $(docker images -q -f dangling=true)
```
### List docker images
```
docker images -a
```
### remove a specific docker image
```
docker rmi Image Image
```
## 4. Volumes
### Determine which volumes are used by a container
```
docker inspect --format="{{.Mounts}}" <container_id>
```
### Delete specific volumes
```
docker volume ls
docker volume rm <name_of_volume>
```
### Delete all volumes
```
docker volume prune
```
### Recreating the volumes
Recreating the volumes is as simple as restarting the application
```
docker-compose up --build
```
## 5. Cleanup & Reset
#### Purging All Unused or Dangling Images, Containers, Volumes, and Networks
```
docker system prune
```
To additionally remove any stopped containers and all unused images (not just dangling images), add the -a flag to the command:
```
docker system prune -a
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