text Howto：使用bind设置DNS服务器

Posted 2021-05-03

 Howto: Setup a DNS server with bind

    After looking on Ubuntu forum for an easy step-by-step howto for instaling a DNS server, I decided the best idea would probably be to write this howto myself.... So, here it is!

    Step 1: Install Ubuntu dapper, or use your WORKING installation.

    Step2: Install bind 9:
    Code:

    sudo apt-get install bind9

    Step 3: Configure the main Bind files. Usually, if you install Bind from the source code, you will have to edit the file named.conf. However, Ubuntu provides you with a pre-configured Bind, so we will edit another file:
    Code:

    sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local

    This is where we will insert our zones. By the way, a zone is a domain name that is referenced in the DNS server
    Insert this in the named.conf.local file:
    Code:

    # This is the zone definition. replace example.com with your domain name
    zone "example.com" {
            type master;
            file "/etc/bind/zones/example.com.db";
            };

    # This is the zone definition for reverse DNS. replace 0.168.192 with your network address in reverse notation - e.g my network address is 192.168.0
    zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
         type master;
         file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
    };

    Ok, now, let's edit the options file:
    Code:

    sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options

    We need to modify the forwarder. This is the DNS server to which your own DNS will forward the requests he cannot process.
    Code:

    forwarders {
          # Replace the address below with the address of your provider's DNS server
          123.123.123.123;
    };

    Now, let's add the zone definition files (replace example.com with your domain name:
    Code:

    sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
    sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/example.com.db

    The zone definition file is where we will put all the addresses / machine names that our DNS server will know. You can take the following example:
    Code:

    // replace example.com with your domain name. do not forget the . after the domain name!
    // Also, replace ns1 with the name of your DNS server
    example.com.      IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
    // Do not modify the following lines!
                                                            2006081401
                                                            28800
                                                            3600
                                                            604800
                                                            38400
     )

    // Replace the following line as necessary:
    // ns1 = DNS Server name
    // mta = mail server name
    // example.com = domain name
    example.com.      IN      NS              ns1.example.com.
    example.com.      IN      MX     10       mta.example.com.

    // Replace the IP address with the right IP addresses.
    www              IN      A       192.168.0.2
    mta              IN      A       192.168.0.3
    ns1              IN      A       192.168.0.1

    Now, let's create the reverse DNS zone file:
    Code:

    sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/rev.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa

    Copy and paste the following text, modify as needed:
    Code:

    //replace example.com with yoour domain name, ns1 with your DNS server name.
    // The number before IN PTR example.com is the machine address of the DNS server. in my case, it's 1, as my IP address is 192.168.0.1.
    @ IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (
                            2006081401;
                            28800; 
                            604800;
                            604800;
                            86400 
    )

                         IN    NS     ns1.example.com.
    1                    IN    PTR    example.com

    Ok, now you just need to restart bind:
    Code:

    sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart

    We can now test the new DNS server...
    Step 4: Modify the file resolv.conf with the following settings:
    Code:

    sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

    enter the following:
    Code:

    // replace example.com with your domain name, and 192.168.0.1 with the address of your new DNS server.
    search example.com
    nameserver 192.168.0.1

    Now, test your DNS:
    Code:

    dig example.com

    Look at the result.... Enjoy!
    Also, this post is not perfect... Do not hesitate to improve it!