Spring boot @Qualifier 不适用于数据源
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【中文标题】Spring boot @Qualifier 不适用于数据源【英文标题】:Spring boot @Qualifier doesn't work with datasources 【发布时间】:2017-05-15 20:43:55 【问题描述】:我正在使用不同的内存中数据源构建具有多个持久性单元的JPA配置,但配置无法解析合格的数据源 实体管理器工厂 bean 出现以下错误:
***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************
Description:
Parameter 0 of method emfb in datasources.Application$PersistenceConfiguration required a single bean, but 2 were found:
- ds1: defined by method 'ds1' in class path resource [datasources/Application$PersistenceConfiguration.class]
- ds2: defined by method 'ds2' in class path resource [datasources/Application$PersistenceConfiguration.class]
Action:
Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed
这里是示例应用程序
package datasources;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContextType;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.orm.jpa.EntityManagerFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude =
// HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class,
// DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class
JtaAutoConfiguration.class
)
@ComponentScan
public class Application
public static void main(String[] args)
new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class)
.build()
.run(args);
@Component
@Path("/ds")
public static class DsApi
private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DsApi.class);
@Autowired(required = false)
@Qualifier("ds1")
private DataSource ds;
@GET
public String ds()
logger.info("ds");
return ds.toString();
@Component
@Path("/em")
public static class EmApi
private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(EmApi.class);
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "ds2", type = PersistenceContextType.TRANSACTION)
private EntityManager em;
@GET
public String em()
logger.info("em");
return em.toString();
@Configuration
@ApplicationPath("/jersey")
public static class JerseyConfig extends ResourceConfig
public JerseyConfig()
register(DsApi.class);
register(EmApi.class);
@Configuration
public static class PersistenceConfiguration
@Bean
@Qualifier("ds1")
public DataSource ds1()
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().build();
@Bean
@Qualifier("ds2")
public DataSource ds2()
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().build();
@Bean
@Primary
@Autowired
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb(@Qualifier("ds1") DataSource ds, EntityManagerFactoryBuilder emfb)
return emfb.dataSource(ds)
.packages(Application.class)
.persistenceUnit("ds1")
.build();
@Bean
@Autowired
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb2(@Qualifier("ds2") DataSource ds, EntityManagerFactoryBuilder emfb)
return emfb.dataSource(ds)
.packages(Application.class)
.persistenceUnit("ds2")
.build();
【问题讨论】:
也许它不能在静态类中工作? 不可能,因为我试图用任意类型替换那些 DataSource bean,并且依赖关系得到了正确解决。还尝试以相同的错误返回手动实例化的 DataSource (No builder)。 【参考方案1】:将您的DataSource
之一声明为@Primary
。
另外你有 2 个相同类型的 bean - LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean
,同时声明其中一个 @Primary
,如下:
@Configuration
public static class PersistenceConfiguration
@Bean
@Primary
public DataSource ds1()
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().build();
@Bean
public DataSource ds2()
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().build();
@Bean
@Primary
@Autowired
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb(@Qualifier("ds1") DataSource ds, EntityManagerFactoryBuilder emfb)
return emfb.dataSource(ds)
.packages(DemoApplication.class)
.persistenceUnit("ds1")
.build();
@Bean
@Autowired
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb2(@Qualifier("ds2") DataSource ds, EntityManagerFactoryBuilder emfb)
return emfb.dataSource(ds)
.packages(DemoApplication.class)
.persistenceUnit("ds2")
.build();
【讨论】:
这会将ds1注入到需要ds2的emfb2中 不应该因为我们在创建emfb2
时指定@Qualifier("ds2")
确实,你是对的!但是为什么 Qualifier 需要 Primary 才能工作?另外,如果那些 ds 方法返回了其他类型(当然 emfb 方法被重构以使用该类型),为什么没有 Primary 的相同接线工作正常?
希望有帮助 - docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/…
能否添加进口声明?【参考方案2】:
错误表明在应用程序中的某个时间点,一个 bean 被DataSource
类型注入,而 在那个点没有被名称限定。
在一个位置添加@Qualifier
并不重要。注入在某些未合格的 other 位置失败。但这不是您的错,因为该位置位于 Spring Boot 的 DataSourceAutoConfiguration
中,您应该能够在堆栈跟踪中看到,位于您发布的部分下方。
我建议排除DataSourceAutoConfiguration
,即@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
。否则,此配置仅应用于您创建的 bean @Primary
。除非您确切知道那是什么,否则您的DataSource
s 之间的行为可能会出现微妙和意想不到的差异。
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:尝试在静态类之外声明数据源 bean。即直接在Application.java中
【讨论】:
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