使用 UnitOfWork 模拟上下文和存储库
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【中文标题】使用 UnitOfWork 模拟上下文和存储库【英文标题】：Mocking Context and Repository with UnitOfWork 【发布时间】：2017-03-28 15:49:01 【问题描述】：我正在为我们需要构建的一个小应用程序构建单元测试。
我已经实现了存储库/工作单元模式。我的经理类实现了工作单元模式。
对于给定的接口：
public interface IUserManager
List<ApplicationUser> GetUsers(Expression<Func<ApplicationUser, bool>> filter = null);
ApplicationUser GetUser(Expression<Func<ApplicationUser, bool>> filter);
ApplicationUser AddUser(string username, List<string> environmentIds, bool isAdmin = false);
void DeleteUser(string username);
ApplicationUser UpdateUser(string id, List<string> environmentIds, bool isAdmin = false);
IList<string> GetUserRoles(string id);
我已经实现了
public class UserManager : IUserManager
#region private fields
private readonly IRepository<ApplicationUser> _userRepository;
private readonly IRepository<Application> _applicationRepository;
private readonly IRepository<Role> _roleRepository;
private readonly IActiveDirectoryManager _activeDirectoryManager;
#endregion
#region ctor
public UserManager(AppDbContext context, IActiveDirectoryManager activeDirectoryManager)
_activeDirectoryManager = activeDirectoryManager;
_userRepository = new Repository<ApplicationUser>(context);
_applicationRepository = new Repository<Application>(context);
_roleRepository = new Repository<Role>(context);
#endregion
#region IUserManager
public ApplicationUser AddUser(string username, List<string> applicationIds, bool isAdmin = false)
//Get the environments in the list of environmentIds
var applications = _applicationRepository.Get(e => applicationIds.Contains(e.Id)).ToList();
//Get the user from AD
var user = _activeDirectoryManager.GetUser(username);
//set the Id
user.Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
//add the environments to the user
applications.ForEach(x =>
user.Applications.Add(x);
);
//if the user is an admin - retrieve the role and add it to the user
if (isAdmin)
var role = _roleRepository.Get(r => r.Name == "admin").FirstOrDefault();
if (role != null)
user.Roles.Add(role);
//insert and save
_userRepository.Insert(user);
_userRepository.Save();
//return the user
return user;
//removed for brevity
我的单元测试类：
[TestClass]
public class UserManagerUnitTest
private readonly Mock<IActiveDirectoryManager> _adManager;
private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
private readonly Mock<IRepository<Application>> _applicationRepository;
private readonly Mock<IRepository<ApplicationUser>> _userRepository;
private readonly Mock<IRepository<Role>> _roleRepository;
public UserManagerUnitTest()
var context = new Mock<AppDbContext>();
_adManager = new Mock<IActiveDirectoryManager>();
_applicationRepository = new Mock<IRepository<Application>>();
_userRepository = new Mock<IRepository<ApplicationUser>>();
_roleRepository = new Mock<IRepository<Role>>();
_userManager = new UserManager(context.Object, _adManager.Object);
[TestMethod]
[TestCategory("AddUser"), TestCategory("Unit")]
public void AddUser_ValidNonAdmin_UserIsAdded()
#region Arrange
string username = "testUser";
List<string> applicationIds = new List<string>() "1", "2", "3";
_applicationRepository.Setup(x => x.Get(It.IsAny<Expression<Func<Application, bool>>>(),
It.IsAny<Func<IQueryable<Application>, IOrderedQueryable<Application>>>(), It.IsAny<string>()))
.Returns(new List<Application>());
_adManager.Setup(x => x.GetUser(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new ApplicationUser());
#endregion
#region Act
var result = _userManager.AddUser(username, applicationIds, false);
#endregion
#region Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsFalse(result.IsAdmin);
#endregion
最后是存储库接口：
public interface IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter = null,
Func<IQueryable<TEntity> , IOrderedQueryable<TEntity>> orderBy = null, string includeProperties = "");
TEntity GetById(object id);
void Insert(TEntity entity);
void Delete(object id);
void Delete(TEntity entityToDelete);
void Update(TEntity entityToUpdate);
void Save();
及实施：
public class Repository<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
private readonly AppDbContext _context;
internal DbSet<TEntity> DbSet;
public Repository(AppDbContext context)
_context = context;
DbSet = _context.Set<TEntity>();
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter = null,
Func<IQueryable<TEntity>, IOrderedQueryable<TEntity>> orderBy = null, string includeProperties = "")
IQueryable<TEntity> query = DbSet;
if (filter != null)
query = query.Where(filter);
foreach (var prop in includeProperties.Split(new char[] ',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
query = query.Include(prop);
if (orderBy != null)
return orderBy(query).ToList();
else
return query.ToList();
public virtual TEntity GetById(object id)
return DbSet.Find(id);
public virtual void Insert(TEntity entity)
DbSet.Add(entity);
public virtual void Delete(object id)
TEntity entityToDelete = DbSet.Find(id);
Delete(entityToDelete);
public void Get(Expression<Func<Application, bool>> expression, Func<IQueryable<Application>> func, IOrderedQueryable<Application> orderedQueryable)
throw new NotImplementedException();
public virtual void Delete(TEntity entityToDelete)
if (_context.Entry(entityToDelete).State == EntityState.Detached)
DbSet.Attach(entityToDelete);
DbSet.Remove(entityToDelete);
public virtual void Update(TEntity entityToUpdate)
DbSet.Attach(entityToUpdate);
_context.Entry(entityToUpdate).State = EntityState.Modified;
public void Save()
_context.SaveChanges();
我的问题在于模拟 IRepository<Application>
_applicationRepository.Setup(x => x.Get(It.IsAny<Expression<Func<Application, bool>>>(),
It.IsAny<Func<IQueryable<Application>, IOrderedQueryable<Application>>>(), It.IsAny<string>()))
.Returns(new List<Application>());
出于某种原因 - 使用的是实际方法，而不是 Moq 中的覆盖代理。当测试执行时 - 我在存储库的 Get 方法上得到一个空引用 - 特别是在 query = DbSet:
public Repository(AppDbContext context)
_context = context;
DbSet = _context.Set<TEntity>();
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> filter = null,
Func<IQueryable<TEntity>, IOrderedQueryable<TEntity>> orderBy = null, string includeProperties = "")
IQueryable<TEntity> query = DbSet; **//null here because db should be** mocked
if (filter != null)
query = query.Where(filter);
我正在尝试仅测试 UserManager 实现 - 而不是存储库实现。
设置此测试的正确方法是什么？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：问题是您在 UserManager 的构造函数中传递 AppDbContext，这使得它依赖于它。该类反过来创建存储库的内部实例，因此总是使用具体类：
public UserManager(AppDbContext context, IActiveDirectoryManager activeDirectoryManager)
_activeDirectoryManager = activeDirectoryManager;
_userRepository = new Repository<ApplicationUser>(context);
_applicationRepository = new Repository<Application>(context);
_roleRepository = new Repository<Role>(context);
您应该抽象出存储库的创建并修改构造函数，以便它采用基于接口的实例：
public UserManager(IRepository<ApplicationUser> userRepository, IRepository<Application> applicationRepository, IRepository<Role> roleRepository, IActiveDirectoryManager activeDirectoryManager)
_activeDirectoryManager = activeDirectoryManager;
_userRepository = userRepository;
_applicationRepository = applicationRepository;
_roleRepository = roleRepository;
通过这种方式，您可以抽象出存储库，以便使用您的模拟而不是真正的类。
【讨论】：
这就是我最初拥有它的方式。但是我遇到了保存问题，因为存储库都有不同的上下文实例。我正在使用 autofac，所以我更改了 UserManager 注册以使用我的数据库上下文的相同实例构造每个存储库以上是关于使用 UnitOfWork 模拟上下文和存储库的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章