403 禁止 您没有权限访问此服务器上的 /。部署 Laravel 项目后

Posted 2023-02-25

【中文标题】403 禁止 您没有权限访问此服务器上的 /。部署 Laravel 项目后

【英文标题】：403 forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server. after deploying Laravel project

【发布时间】：2016-01-27 22:25:38

【问题描述】：

我的 apache 服务器在 AWS 上的 EC2 实例上有些奇怪。

我已经在本地计算机上使用 Laravel 框架开发了网站，然后我使用我最喜欢的 IDE（php Storm）通过 SSH 部署了网站。

一开始一切都很好，但是每次我更新项目时，我都开始收到“您无权访问此服务器上的 /。403 Forbidden”。

我注意到，当我执行此命令“sudo chmod 777 /var/www/html/public”时，网站再次运行，但需要大约 2 分钟。

但是这个问题太烦人了，因为每次我更改服务器上的一个文件时都会收到此错误。特别是我的开发环境会影响产品环境。

我认为我的 apache 服务器有问题。所以这就是我的 conf 文件的样子。

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User webapp
Group webapp

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. [e-mail]
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other 
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public"

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride All
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride All

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%Refereri\" \"%User-Agenti\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%Refereri\" \"%User-Agenti\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride All
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default.  To use the 
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    #
    # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf


#### Virtual Host Settings ####


<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [e-mail]
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public"
ServerName mydomain.me
ErrorLog "logs/mydomain.me-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/test.mydomain.me-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [e-mail]
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public/"
ServerName mydomain.net
ErrorLog "logs/mydomain.net-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/mydomain.net-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [e-mail]
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public/dashboard"
ServerName dashboard.mydomain.net
ErrorLog "logs/dashboard.mydomain.net-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dashboard.mydomain.net-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [e-mail]
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public/dashboard"
ServerName dashboard.mydomain.me
ErrorLog "logs/dashboard.mydomain.me-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dashboard.mydomain.me-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [e-mail]
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/public/dev"
 <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
  </Directory>

<Directory /var/www/html/public/dev/>
        Options +Indexes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
 </Directory>

ServerName dev.mydomain.me
ErrorLog "logs/dev.mydomain.me-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dev.mydomain.me-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>


#### End of Virtual Host Settings ####


#### AWS Settings ####

# Disable ETag headers
FileETag none

# Hide Apache and PHP info
Header unset Server
Header unset X-Powered-By

# Don't expose server versions
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens Prod

# Enable server-status for internal IP
<Location /server-status>
   SetHandler server-status
   Order Deny,Allow
   Deny from all
   Allow from 127.0.0.1
</Location>

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
KeepAlive On

# Configure /var/www/html
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

# Add remote IP to log
LogFormat "%h (%X-Forwarded-Fori) %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%Refereri\" \"%User-Agenti\"" combined

#### End of AWS Settings ####

我注意到另一件事，通过我的 IDE 上传的所有文件，用户从 webapp 更改为 ec2-user，这是有道理的，因为我使用 ec2-user 而不是 webapp 连接服务器，所以这是导致问题的原因吗？

无论如何，我将非常感谢任何答案。

还在开发环境的配置文件中，我放置了不同的设置，根据堆栈溢出发布的答案，但我仍然无法工作。

【参考方案1】：

根据您的 httpd.conf，您已正确设置 /var/www 目录。设置此配置以便 Apache 作为“webapp”用户和组运行。确保您的 /var/www/html 目录及其所有内容至少对 webapp 用户或组具有读取权限。

获取 setfacl 包（Debian/Ubuntu）：

apt-get install setfacl

设置组：

chown -R :webapp /var/www/html

为组设置写权限：

chmod -R g+w /var/www/html

为所有目录设置组粘性位，以便新内容将具有父组：

find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod g+s  \;

为所有新内容设置默认组权限：

setfacl -R -d -m g::rwx /var/www/html

所以现在，即使您在 /var/www/html 目录中修改或创建目录和文件，它们也始终拥有 Apache 的正确权限。

此序列仅在这不是生产环境时才可以，因为您不希望 Apache 能够写入所有内容。对生产服务器执行以下操作：

获取 setfacl 包（Debian/Ubuntu）：

apt-get install setfacl

设置组：

chown -R :webapp /var/www/html

为组设置读取权限：

chmod -R g+r /var/www/html

为所有目录设置组粘性位，以便新内容将具有父组：

find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod g+s  \;

为所有新内容设置默认组权限：

setfacl -R -d -m g::r /var/www/html

那么对于 Laravel，您确实想设置可写存储：

find /var/www/html/storage -type d -exec chmod g+w  \;
setfacl -R -d -m g::rwx /var/www/html/storage

【讨论】：

我刚刚发现我的网站出了什么问题。

【参考方案2】：

我得到的原因

您无权访问此服务器上的 / 。403 Forbidden "

这是因为 AWS 自动缩放。因为旧服务器的旧配置设置为我的公共目录（index.php 所在的位置），而我的 Apache 配置指向同一个文件夹 var/www/html/public。

但是新创建的实例有不同的 Apache 配置，指向 var/www/html，所以这两个配置之间存在冲突。

我是如何发现这个问题的。有时我会收到 403，在重新加载页面几次后我可以访问该网站。

无论如何，您都应该更新新创建实例的默认配置。例如，通过在默认 AMI 中设置配置，或者如果您正在使用 elasticbeanstlak，则在配置页面中设置。