使用 c 安排警报
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【中文标题】使用 c 安排警报【英文标题】:Schedule alarm using c 【发布时间】:2020-03-18 13:08:51 【问题描述】:我们的任务是开发一个创建子进程的应用程序。然后父进程等待 3 秒(我们不允许在父进程中使用sleep
)并发送一个SIGUSR2
信号,然后是一个SIGUSR1
信号。之后,父母会定期(3 秒)向孩子发送SIGUSR1
信号,直到它终止。在子终止时,它会打印 Parent done
并退出。我们应该使用alarm()
和pause()
来实现这种行为。
子进程应该阻塞信号SIGUSR2
13 秒。收到SIGUSR1
后,它应该打印Received SIGUSR1
。收到SIGUSR2
后,它会打印Child done
并退出。我的实现方法如下:
请注意:SIGUSR2
信号只发送一次,直到现在我还没有实现,每次都与SIGUSR1
信号一起发送。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
static pid_t chld;
void init_signal(struct sigaction* action, void (*handler)(int));
void init_sigset(sigset_t* set, int signum);
void bind_signal(struct sigaction* action, int n, ...);
void par_signal(int signum);
void chld_signal(int signum);
int main()
chld = fork();
struct sigaction action;
if (chld == -1)
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create child process.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
else if (chld == 0)
init_signal(&action, &chld_signal);
bind_signal(&action, 3, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGALRM);
sigset_t sig;
init_sigset(&sig, SIGUSR2);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sig, NULL);
alarm(13);
pause();
init_signal(&action, &par_signal);
bind_signal(&action, 2, SIGALRM, SIGCHLD);
alarm(3);
pause();
void init_signal(struct sigaction* action, void (*handler)(int))
action->sa_flags = 0;
action->sa_handler = handler;
sigemptyset(&action->sa_mask);
void init_sigset(sigset_t* set, int signum)
sigemptyset(set);
sigaddset(set, signum);
void bind_signal(struct sigaction* action, int n, ...)
va_list args;
va_start(args, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
int signum = va_arg(args, int);
sigaction(signum, action, NULL);
va_end(args);
void par_signal(int signum)
if (signum == SIGALRM)
kill(chld, SIGUSR2);
kill(chld, SIGUSR1);
alarm(3);
pause();
else if (signum == SIGCHLD)
printf("Parent done\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
void chld_signal(int signum)
if (signum == SIGALRM)
sigset_t sig;
init_sigset(&sig, SIGUSR2);
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sig, NULL);
pause();
else if (signum == SIGUSR1)
printf("Received SIGUSR1\n");
pause();
else if (signum == SIGUSR2)
printf("Child done\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
它的工作原理是,只有父进程的第一个信号被子进程接收。我认为这与我对pause
和alarm
的使用有关。你知道我做错了什么吗?
可以找到练习任务表的链接here(任务 3)。
【问题讨论】:
我很好奇,你是说:“之后,父母会定期(3 秒)向孩子发送 SIGUSR1 信号,直到它终止” - 然后你说:“收到 SIGUSR2 后,[子进程] 打印 Child done 并退出。” - 如果父进程在开始时只发送一次 SIGUSR2,然后继续发送 SIGUSR1,这怎么可能?父母是否应该在任意秒数后的某个时间发送 SIGUSR2? 根据我们的任务表,SIGUSR2
信号只能在 3 秒后发送一次。孩子阻止了它,因此它不会立即收到,而是在 13 秒后才收到。我暂时没有正确实现这一点,因为父母还不断向孩子发送SIGUSR2
(这应该没有任何区别,因为它被阻止了)。
@ThomasThaler 您应该edit 您的问题并在那里添加所有说明或要求的信息,而不是编写 cmets。我建议信号处理程序不应该做的不仅仅是设置volatile sig_atomic_t
类型的变量。在任何情况下,信号处理程序都不得调用任何非异步信号安全的函数。 printf
不是。见man signal-safety。从信号处理程序调用pause
可能会有问题。触发信号处理程序的信号通常会被阻塞,直到您从信号处理程序返回。
@Bodo 我添加了练习任务表的链接以及我在 cmets 中提供的信息
【参考方案1】:
在信号处理程序中调用pause
是有问题的,因为在这种情况下,刚刚触发信号处理程序的信号会被阻塞,直到您从信号处理程序返回。这意味着该过程将不再对此信号作出反应。信号处理器只能被其他信号触发。
请参阅下面的系统调用跟踪及其解释。为了清楚起见,我用@PARENT@
替换了父母的PID,用#CHILD##
替换了孩子的PID。
$ strace -f -r -e trace=signal,process ./proc
0.000000 execve("./proc", ["./proc"], 0x7ffc146ba360 /* 74 vars */) = 0
0.001428 arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffd3c958fc0) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
0.002302 arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f264e40a540) = 0
# clone is fork()
0.001086 clone(strace: Process #CHILD## attached
child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7f264e40a810) = #CHILD##
# parent establishes SIGALRM handler
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000791 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, sa_handler=0x564709a5859c, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f264e25e470, <unfinished ...>
# child establishes SIGUSR1 handler
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000087 rt_sigaction(SIGUSR1, sa_handler=0x564709a58605, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f264e25e470, <unfinished ...>
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000132 <... rt_sigaction resumed> NULL, 8) = 0
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000056 <... rt_sigaction resumed> NULL, 8) = 0
# child establishes SIGUSR2 handler
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000072 rt_sigaction(SIGUSR2, sa_handler=0x564709a58605, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f264e25e470, NULL, 8) = 0
# child establishes SIGALRM handler
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000141 rt_sigaction(SIGALRM, sa_handler=0x564709a58605, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f264e25e470, NULL, 8) = 0
# parent establishes SIGCHLD handler
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000389 rt_sigaction(SIGCHLD, sa_handler=0x564709a5859c, sa_mask=[], sa_flags=SA_RESTORER, sa_restorer=0x7f264e25e470, <unfinished ...>
# child blocks SIGUSR2
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000132 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, [USR2], NULL, 8) = 0
# child waits for signal
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000204 pause( <unfinished ...>
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000837 <... rt_sigaction resumed> NULL, 8) = 0
# parent waits for signal
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000133 pause() = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler)
# parent receives SIGALRM
[pid @PARENT@] 3.000317 --- SIGALRM si_signo=SIGALRM, si_code=SI_KERNEL ---
# parent sends SIGUSR2 and SIGUSR1 to child
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000106 kill(#CHILD##, SIGUSR2) = 0
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000116 kill(#CHILD##, SIGUSR1) = 0
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000144 <... pause resumed> ) = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler)
# child receives SIGUSR1 (SIGUSR2 is blocked)
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000166 --- SIGUSR1 si_signo=SIGUSR1, si_code=SI_USER, si_pid=@PARENT@, si_uid=1000 ---
# parent waits for signal again. As this "pause" was called from a signal handler triggered by SIGALRM, this signal is now blocked.
[pid @PARENT@] 0.000227 pause( <unfinished ...>
# child waits for signal. As this "pause" was called from a signal handler triggered by SIGUSR1, this signal is now blocked.
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000566 pause() = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler)
# child receives SIGALRM
[pid #CHILD##] 9.997742 --- SIGALRM si_signo=SIGALRM, si_code=SI_KERNEL ---
# child unblocks SIGUSR2
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000102 rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [USR2], NULL, 8) = 0
# child now receives SIGUSR2 which was already sent by the parent
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000122 --- SIGUSR2 si_signo=SIGUSR2, si_code=SI_USER, si_pid=@PARENT@, si_uid=1000 ---
# child exits
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000183 exit_group(0) = ?
[pid #CHILD##] 0.000204 +++ exited with 0 +++
0.000081 <... pause resumed> ) = ? ERESTARTNOHAND (To be restarted if no handler)
# parent receives SIGCHLD from child
0.000056 --- SIGCHLD si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=#CHILD##, si_uid=1000, si_status=0, si_utime=0, si_stime=0 ---
Parent done
# parent exits
0.000563 exit_group(0) = ?
0.000301 +++ exited with 0 +++
我建议从信号处理程序中设置标志并在主函数中进行决策和等待。像这样的
static volatile sig_atomic_t childSigUsr1 = 0;
static volatile sig_atomic_t childSigUsr2 = 0;
static volatile sig_atomic_t childSigAlrm = 0;
void chld_signal(int signum)
if (signum == SIGALRM)
childSigAlrm = 1;
else if (signum == SIGUSR1)
childSigUsr1 = 1;
else if (signum == SIGUSR2)
childSigUsr2 = 1;
int main()
chld = fork();
struct sigaction action;
if (chld == -1)
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create child process.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
else if (chld == 0)
init_signal(&action, &chld_signal);
bind_signal(&action, 3, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGALRM);
sigset_t sig;
init_sigset(&sig, SIGUSR2);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sig, NULL);
alarm(13);
while(1)
pause();
if(childSigUsr1)
childSigUsr1 = 0;
printf("Received SIGUSR1\n");
if(childSigUsr2)
childSigUsr2 = 0;
printf("Child done\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
if(childSigAlrm)
sigset_t sig;
init_sigset(&sig, SIGUSR2);
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sig, NULL);
init_signal(&action, &par_signal);
bind_signal(&action, 2, SIGALRM, SIGCHLD);
while(1)
alarm(3);
pause();
/* handle and reset signal flags similar to child */
【讨论】:
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