图例中的误差条 - 熊猫条形图
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【中文标题】图例中的误差条 - 熊猫条形图【英文标题】:Errorbar in Legend - Pandas Bar Plot 【发布时间】:2020-10-22 11:02:43 【问题描述】:是否可以在图例中显示误差线? (就像我画的一样) 它们不一定必须是正确的长度,如果它们被指示和识别,对我来说就足够了。
我的工作示例:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
test = pd.DataFrame(data='one':2000,'two':300,'three':50,'four':150, index=['MAX'])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 3), dpi=230)
ax.set_ylim(-.12,.03)
# barplot
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=5.5,color=['xkcd:camo green'], xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['two']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=7,color=['xkcd:moss green'], xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['three']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=8.5,color=['xkcd:light olive green'],xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['four']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
# Legende
h0, l0 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
l0 = [r'MAX $1$', r'MAX $2$', r'MAX $3$']
legend = plt.legend(h0, l0, borderpad=0.15,labelspacing=0.1, frameon=True, edgecolor="xkcd:black", ncol=1, loc='upper left',framealpha=1, facecolor='white')
legend.get_frame().set_linewidth(0.3)
cur_axes = plt.gca()
cur_axes.axes.get_yaxis().set_ticklabels([])
cur_axes.axes.get_yaxis().set_ticks([])
plt.show()
我尝试了几种方法,没有一个有效。 使用 legend_elements 中的补丁,我没有得到错误栏的线条,使用 errorbar() 函数我可以绘制一个带有错误栏的图形,但它似乎在图例中不起作用:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Patch
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
legend_elements = [
Line2D([1,2], [5,4], color='b', lw=1, label='Line'),
Patch(facecolor='orange', edgecolor='r', label='Color Patch'),
matplotlib.pyplot.errorbar(3, 3, yerr=None, xerr=1, marker='s',mfc='xkcd:camo green', mec='black',
ms=20, mew=2, fmt='-', ecolor="black", elinewidth=2, capsize=3,
barsabove=True, lolims=False, uplims=False, xlolims=False, xuplims=False,
errorevery=2, capthick=None, label="error"),
]
test = pd.DataFrame(data='one':2000,'two':300,'three':50,'four':150, index=['MAX'])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 3), dpi=230)
ax.set_ylim(-.12,.03)
# barplot
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=5.5,color=['xkcd:camo green'], xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['two']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=7,color=['xkcd:moss green'], xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['three']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
ax = test.loc[['MAX'],['one']].plot(position=8.5,color=['xkcd:light olive green'],xerr=test.loc[['MAX'],['four']].values.T, edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1),ax=ax,kind='barh',width=.025)
# Legende
h0, l0 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
l0 = [r'MAX $1$', r'MAX $2$', r'MAX $3$']
legend = plt.legend(h0, l0, borderpad=0.15,labelspacing=0.1, frameon=True, edgecolor="xkcd:black", ncol=1, loc='upper left',framealpha=1, facecolor='white')
legend.get_frame().set_linewidth(0.3)
ax.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc='center')
cur_axes = plt.gca()
cur_axes.axes.get_yaxis().set_ticklabels([])
cur_axes.axes.get_yaxis().set_ticks([])
#plt.show()
基于以下思想的实现 初学者:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
test = pd.DataFrame(data='one':2000,'two':300,'three':50,'four':150, index=['MAX'])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 3), dpi=150)
ax.set_ylim(0, 6)
ax.set_xlim(0, 2400)
ax1 = ax.twiny()
ax1.set_xlim(0, 2400)
ax1.set_xticks([])
ax.barh(1, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:camo green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX1')
ax.barh(2, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:moss green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX2')
ax.barh(3, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:light olive green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX3')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 1, xerr=test['two'], color='k', ecolor='k', fmt=',', lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1, label='MAX1')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 2, xerr=test['three'], color='k', ecolor='k', fmt=',', lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1, label='MAX2')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 3, xerr=test['four'], color='k', ecolor='k', fmt=',', lw=1, capsize=2, capthick=1, label='MAX3')
handler, label = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
handler1, label1 = ax1.get_legend_handles_labels()
label1 = ['' for l in label1]
ax.legend(handler, label, loc='upper left', handletextpad=1.5)
ax1.legend(handler1, label1, loc='upper left', handletextpad=1., markerfirst=False, framealpha=0.001)
plt.show()
变化:
ax1
获得与 ax
相同的限制
label1
中的所有字符串都被删除
在ax1.legend()
中,处理程序和标签的顺序被交换,handlertextpad
错误栏向右移动
【问题讨论】:
为什么要在图例中显示误差线? 因为该图是关于误差线而不是误差线。 这次我了解了更多关于传奇的信息。如果我可以组合容器对象,我就不必将它分成两个轴。谢谢。 我会考虑其他方式来呈现信息,例如箱形图或范围图。 【参考方案1】:我想出的方法是绘制“ax.barh”和“ax1.errorbar()”,然后将各自的图例叠加在一起。一方面,我最小化了透明度,以便下面的图例可见;误差条看起来不同,因为我把它做成了双轴的。
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
test = pd.DataFrame(data='one':2000,'two':300,'three':50,'four':150, index=['MAX'])
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 3), dpi=230)
ax.set_ylim(0, 15)
ax.set_xlim(0, 2400)
ax1 = ax.twiny()
ax.barh(5.5, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:camo green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX1')
ax.barh(7.0, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:moss green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX2')
ax.barh(8.5, width=test['one'], color=['xkcd:light olive green'], edgecolor='black',linewidth = 0.3, label='MAX3')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 5.5, xerr=test['two'], color='k', ecolor='k', capsize=3, fmt='|', label='MAX1')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 7.0, xerr=test['three'], color='k', ecolor='k', capsize=3, fmt='|', label='MAX2')
ax1.errorbar(test['one'], 8.5, xerr=test['four'], color='k', ecolor='k', capsize=3, fmt='|', label='MAX3')
handler, label = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
handler1, label1 = ax1.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handler, label, loc='upper left', title='mix legend')
ax1.legend(handler1, label1, loc='upper left', title='mix legend', framealpha=0.001)
plt.show()
【讨论】:
ax1.errorbar() 好主意,但是双轴误差条的显示对我们来说并不常见。我用你的想法改编了我的例子。谢谢【参考方案2】:您可以在图表上手动添加线条,调整您喜欢的颜色、粗细和位置。这是一个非常手动且费力的解决方案,但它应该可以工作。
# Draw line
import matplotlib.lines as ln
import numpy as np
# new clear axis overlay with 0-1 limits
ax2 = plt.axes([0,0,1,1], facecolor=(1,1,1,0))
x1,y1 = np.array([[0.18, 0.21], [0.831, 0.831]])
line1 = ln.Line2D(x1, y1, lw=1, color='black', alpha=1)
x2,y2 = np.array([[0.18, 0.21], [0.783, 0.783]])
line2 = ln.Line2D(x2, y2, lw=1, color='black', alpha=1)
x3,y3 = np.array([[0.18, 0.21], [0.732, 0.732]])
line3 = ln.Line2D(x3, y3, lw=1, color='black', alpha=1)
ax2.add_line(line1)
ax2.add_line(line2)
ax2.add_line(line3)
plt.show()
【讨论】:
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