LARAVEL 8：一般错误：使用外键运行迁移时发生 1005

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】LARAVEL 8：一般错误：使用外键运行迁移时发生 1005

【英文标题】：LARAVEL 8: General error: 1005 occured while running migration with foreign key

【发布时间】：2021-02-19 18:43:09

【问题描述】：

我想运行一个名为 articles 的迁移，如下所示：

public function up()

    Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) 
        $table->id();
        $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
        $table->foreign('user_id')->refrence('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
        $table->string('title');
        $table->string('slug');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->text('description');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->string('imageUrl');
        $table->string('tags');
        $table->integer('viewCount')->default(0);
        $table->integer('commentCount')->default(0);
        $table->timestamps();
    );

但我收到此错误：

SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `gooyanet`.`#sql-1ce8_1d` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `articles` add constraint `articles_user_id_foreign` foreign key (`user_id`) references `users` (`id`) on delete cascade)

所以我在网上搜索，他们说我必须先创建表然后添加外键，所以我写了这个：

public function up()

    Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) 
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
        $table->string('title');
        $table->string('slug');
        $table->text('description');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->string('imageUrl');
        $table->string('tags');
        $table->integer('viewCount')->default(0);
        $table->integer('commentCount')->default(0);
        $table->timestamps();
    );
    Schema::table('articles', function($table)
    
        $table->foreign('user_id')
            ->references('id')->on('users')
            ->onDelete('cascade');
    );

但现在错误是这样的：

SQLSTATE[42S02]: Base table or view not found: 1146 Table 'gooyanet.articles' doesn't exist (SQL: alter table `articles` add constraint `articles_user_id_foreign` foreign key (`user_id`) references `users` (`id`) on delete cascade)

那么我应该怎么做才能使用外键运行此迁移？

【参考方案1】：

默认Laravel 8使用unsignedBigInteger作为外键：

$table->bigInteger('user_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');

替代：Laravel 提供了额外的、更简洁的方法，这些方法使用约定来提供更好的开发者体验。上面的例子可以这样写：

$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();