我可以将单个 Django 模型字段拆分为多个 Django Rest Framework 序列化器字段吗？

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】我可以将单个 Django 模型字段拆分为多个 Django Rest Framework 序列化器字段吗？

【英文标题】：Can I split a single Django model field into multiple Django Rest Framework serializer fields?

【发布时间】：2020-11-23 16:01:42

【问题描述】：

是否可以将单个 m2m Django 模型字段拆分为多个 DRF 序列化器字段？

考虑以下代码：

models.py：

class Author(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField()

class BookQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
  def good(self):
    return self.filter(is_good=True)

  def bad(self):
    return self.filter(is_good=False)

class Book(models.Model):
  objects = BookQuerySet.as_manager()

  title = models.CharField()
  author = models.ForeignKey(Author, related_name="books")
  is_good = models.BooleanField(default=False)

serializers.py：

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  class Meta:
    model = Book
    fields = ["title"]

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  class Meta:
    model = Author
    fields = ["name", "books"]

  books = BookSerializer(many=True)

我有什么办法实际上将“书籍”序列化为good_books 和bad_books，但仍然让它们映射到Author 模型上的单个books 字段？

请记住，这些需要是可写的嵌套序列化器。

【参考方案1】：

当然可以，定义一个 serializeMethodField

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  books = BookSerializer(many=True) # here you get all books
  good_books = serializers.serializeMethodField()
  bad_books = serializers.serializeMethodField()
  
  class Meta:
    model = Author
    fields = ["name", "books", "good_books", "bad_books"]

  def get_good_books(self, author):
      return BookSerializer(author.books.good()).data

  def get_bad_books(self, author):
      return BookSerializer(author.books.bad()).data

或：

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  books =  serializers.serializeMethodField()
  
  class Meta:
    model = Author
    fields = ["name", "books"]

  def get_books(self, author):
      # bad and good books in the same key
      # result like:
      # "books":  "bad_books": [....list], "good_books": [...list
      return 
         "good_books": BookSerializer(author.books.good()).data,
         "bad_books": BookSerializer(author.books.bad()).data,
      

【讨论】：

谢谢。我还能使用带有 SerializerMethodField 的自定义 BookSerializer 类（以及它使用的自定义 ListSerializer 类）吗（在这个小示例中我没有展示很多花哨的代码）？