箱线图中添加的垂直线与 x 轴不匹配
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【中文标题】箱线图中添加的垂直线与 x 轴不匹配【英文标题】：Vertical lines added in a boxplot do not match the x-axis 【发布时间】：2022-01-23 01:46:50 【问题描述】：我想每隔 24 X 间隔在箱线图 seaborn 上添加垂直线。
我的功能：
def BoxPlot(data,x_attrib, y_attrib, showfliers=False, orient='h', *args):
sns.set(style="whitegrid", palette="Set3", context='talk', color_codes=False) #défaut
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1,figsize=(20,5))
ax = sns.boxplot(x=x_attrib, y=y_attrib, data=data, showfliers = showfliers, orient=orient, palette='Dark2', ax=ax) #palette="Set2")
list_diff_hours = np.sort(data[x_attrib].astype(int).unique())
print(list_diff_hours)
for i in list_diff_hours:
if (i % 24 == 0):
print(f"""Add line x=i""")
ax.axvline(x = i, color = 'b', label = '12')
ax.set(title=args[0])
ax.set(xlabel=args[1]) # idem ax.set(xlabel=None)
ax.set(ylabel=args[2])
#ax.set(xticklabels=[]) # remove labels from x axis
ax.tick_params(bottom=False) # remove the ticks
# Show the plot
plt.show()
我绘制了 n 条垂直线：
我的问题是 data['x_attrib'] 不连续：
DIFF_HOURS DIFF_TEMP
0 0.0 0.050886
1 1.0 0.660698
2 2.0 1.656014
3 3.0 2.543857
4 4.0 3.071813
... ... ...
627770 336.0 -7.524095
627771 339.0 -4.180723
627772 342.0 -8.724546
627773 345.0 -10.176562
627774 348.0 -8.047641
627775 rows × 2 columns
函数执行：
[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 123 126 129 132 135 138
141 144 147 150 153 156 159 162 165 168 171 174 177 180 183 186 189 192
195 198 201 204 207 210 213 216 219 222 225 228 231 234 237 240 243 246
249 252 255 258 261 264 267 270 273 276 279 282 285 288 291 294 297 300
303 306 309 312 315 318 321 324 327 330 333 336 339 342 345 348 351 354
357]
Add line x=0
Add line x=24
Add line x=48
Add line x=72
Add line x=96
Add line x=144
Add line x=168
Add line x=192
Add line x=216
Add line x=240
Add line x=264
Add line x=288
Add line x=312
Add line x=336
我不应该在最后一个 X 箱线图值之后有线条。 我不明白。
调用函数：
path = '/xxx'
data2boxplot = pd.read_csv(os.path.join(path, 'merged2_limited.csv'), sep=';')
BoxPlot(data2boxplot,
'DIFF_HOURS',
'DIFF_TEMP',
False,
'v',
'',
'',
'')
另外如何在每行的 x 轴上放置标签？
样本数据
Data Download - .csvDIFF_HOURS,DIFF_TEMP
0.0,0.0508860903513017
1.0,0.6606980150309028
2.0,1.6560138915914993
3.0,2.543856665504201
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5.0,1.8228499885861
6.0,-1.0648394742460994
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11.0,-3.054565515742897
12.0,-2.0708812793241016
13.0,-0.7613814777512964
14.0,0.2020813798845964
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27.0,0.9896782693150996
28.0,1.4808193880072018
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【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】： 如果你做ax.get_xticks()，你会看到只有198个xticks。唯一的DIFF_HOURS 从 0 到 357，但箱线图是由 xtick 位置绘制的，而不是由 xtick 标签绘制的。
xticks的数量将对应唯一hours的数量，因此可以为hours创建一个布尔掩码，用于获取对应的xticks，然后用于绘制垂直线.
请参阅此answer 并查看关于条形图和直方图 的部分，这对于箱形图也是相同的。此外，如答案所示，使用 ax.vlines 消除了使用 for 循环的需要。
ax.vlines(x=vlines, ymin=ymin, ymax=ymax, color='b', zorder=1) 设置垂直线的zorder。
在python 3.10、pandas 1.3.5、matplotlib 3.5.1、seaborn 0.11.2中测试
更新功能
def BoxPlot(data, x_attrib, y_attrib, showfliers=False, orient='h', *args):
sns.set(style="whitegrid", palette="Set3", context='talk', color_codes=False) #défaut
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(25, 5))
ax = sns.boxplot(x=x_attrib, y=y_attrib, data=data, showfliers=showfliers, orient=orient, palette='Dark2', ax=ax) #palette="Set2")
# get the xticks
xticks = ax.get_xticks()
# get the unique values for DIFF_HOURS
hours = np.sort(df.DIFF_HOURS.unique().astype(int))
# create a Boolean mask
mask = hours % 24 == 0
# Use mask to get the xticks corresponding to True
vlines = xticks[mask]
# get y min and max from the plot
ymin, ymax = ax.get_ylim()
# set the y margins to 0
ax.margins(y=0)
# add the vertical lines
ax.vlines(x=vlines, ymin=ymin, ymax=ymax, color='b')
ax.set(title=args[0])
ax.set(xlabel=args[1]) # idem ax.set(xlabel=None)
ax.set(ylabel=args[2])
# remove the xticks
ax.tick_params(bottom=False)
# remove xticks and format labels - if desired
# ax.tick_params(bottom=False, axis='x', rotation=90, labelsize=8)
# use the masked ticks and labels to only label at the vertical lines
ax.set_xticks(ticks=vlines, labels=hours[mask], fontsize=10)
# Show the plot
plt.show()
函数调用
path = 'd:/data/merged2_limited.csv'
df = pd.read_csv(path, sep=';')
BoxPlot(df,
'DIFF_HOURS',
'DIFF_TEMP',
False,
'v',
'',
'',
'')
【讨论】：
非常感谢！在 Colab 上安装最后一个 Matplotlib 版本后它工作正常（以前的版本我遇到了问题）。你节省了我的一天！ @Theo75 不客气。我很高兴这对你有用。以上是关于箱线图中添加的垂直线与 x 轴不匹配的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章