SWIG 链接器：未定义符号：_ZN2cv8fastFreeEPv (cv::fastFree(void*))

Posted 2023-02-23

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【中文标题】SWIG 链接器：未定义符号：_ZN2cv8fastFreeEPv (cv::fastFree(void*))【英文标题】：SWIG Linker: undefined symbol: _ZN2cv8fastFreeEPv (cv::fastFree(void*)) 【发布时间】：2018-07-12 14:31:11 【问题描述】：

在我更改了一些代码后，让我的 SWIG 包装器在 python 中工作时遇到了一些麻烦。我怀疑它与链接器有关。

我的问题涉及this github：该文件按照自述文件中的说明进行编译，并且可以在 python 中毫无问题地导入。

我对需要 OpenCV 的代码进行了一些更改。在 C++ 中构建时，在修改 CMakeLists 文件以添加一些 OpenCV 库后，不会发生错误并且代码按预期运行。

在进行这些修改后，我再次想将其 SWIG 到 python，但我遇到了许多链接器错误。谷歌搜索后，我已经将以下参数添加到 SWIG setup.py 中，您可以找到 here

extra_compile_args=['-L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_features2d 
                     -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_core','-msse3'],

include_dirs=[numpy.get_include(), 
              '/usr/local/include/opencv',
              '/usr/local/include'])])

应该以正确的顺序添加正确的包含/库文件夹以及使用的库（xfeatures、core、..）。其中一个文件的示例是：

gcc -pthread -B /home/floris/Software/Anaconda3/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/home/floris/Software/Anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include -I/home/floris/Software/Anaconda3/include/python3.6m -c filter.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/filter.o -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_core -msse3

订单是通过发出来找到的

pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv

命令，并以相同的顺序获取所需的库。

最后，SWIG 命令不会产生任何错误。在 python 中加载应该生成的 viso2 模块时（在将模块的位置添加到 sys.path 之后），它会产生错误：

undefined symbol: _ZN2cv8fastFreeEPv

可以被c++filt变成cv::fastFree(void*)

运行时

ldd -r _viso2......linux.so

出现了大量未定义的符号。

<floris@OPTIMUSPRIME:/magatank/DataSets/LibViso2_python/pyviso2_gitclone/src$ ldd -r _viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffdfd7bc000)
    libstdc++.so.6 =&gt; /home/floris/Software/Anaconda3/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f4c7b3d0000)
    libm.so.6 =&gt; /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f4c7b032000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 =&gt; /home/floris/Software/Anaconda3/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f4c7ae20000)
    libpthread.so.0 =&gt; /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f4c7ac01000)
    libc.so.6 =&gt; /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f4c7a810000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f4c7b9c1000)
undefined symbol: PyExc_ValueError  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyBool_Type   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_IndexError  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_SyntaxError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyCapsule_Type    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PySlice_Type  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _Py_NoneStruct    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_AttributeError  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_IOError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_MemoryError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyType_Type   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_OverflowError   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_ZeroDivisionError   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_NotImplementedError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_RuntimeError    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _Py_NotImplementedStruct  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_StopIteration   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_TypeError   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_GenericGetAttr   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyFloat_Type  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_SystemError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyExc_ImportError (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyTuple_SetItem   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyLong_AsLong (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv8fastFreeEPv    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_GetAttr  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyImport_AddModule    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Call (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Init (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyInstanceMethod_New  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Str  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_GetAttrString    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Restore (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyType_IsSubtype  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyModule_GetDict  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyModule_AddObject    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv7noArrayEv  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyTuple_New   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_SetAttr  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_IsInstance   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyEval_RestoreThread  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv11xfeatures2d4SIFT6createEiiddd (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyDict_SetItemString  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyUnicode_FromFormat  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyLong_AsDouble   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_SetObject   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _PyObject_New (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Format  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyFloat_FromDouble    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyFloat_AsDouble  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyImport_ImportModule (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyUnicode_FromString  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv6String10deallocateEv   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PySequence_Check  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv5errorEiRKNS_6StringEPKcS4_i    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Clear   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv6String8allocateEm  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: Py_DecRef (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyCapsule_Import  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyLong_FromVoidPtr    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_SetString   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyEval_InitThreads    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyCapsule_New (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyArg_ParseTuple  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv3MatC1ERKS0_RKNS_5Rect_IiEE (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyGILState_Release    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyCapsule_GetPointer  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Free (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyType_Ready  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Size (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyEval_SaveThread (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PySequence_GetItem    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PySequence_Size   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyLong_FromLong   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_WriteUnraisable (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_IsTrue   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyModule_Create2  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv3Mat20updateContinuityFlagEv    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Occurred    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Fetch   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PySlice_GetIndices    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyCallable_Check  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyLong_FromUnsignedLong   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyArg_UnpackTuple (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyGILState_Ensure (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyObject_Malloc   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyErr_Print   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyUnicode_Concat  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZNK2cv3Mat6copyToERKNS_12_OutputArrayE   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv3MatC1ERKS0_RKNS_5RangeES5_ (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: _ZN2cv3Mat10deallocateEv  (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyUnicode_AsUTF8String    (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyBytes_AsStringAndSize   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)
undefined symbol: PyBool_FromLong   (./_viso2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)

我添加的唯一功能是 OpenCV 功能。

感谢阅读。如果您有任何想法，请告诉我。

干杯！

【问题讨论】：

那些需要作为链接器的参数，而不是编译器。我不确定extra_compile_args 是否已传递给链接器，但您应该检查一下。 @JonathonReinhart 我已经编辑了这个问题，因此它包含了一个文件“filter.cpp”的示例 【参考方案1】：

您必须使用参数libraries 和library_dirs 将库和库路径传递给构建过程，即：

ext = Extension(....
                libraries=["opencv_xfeatures2d", "opencv_features2d", 
                           "opencv_highgui", "opencv_core"],
                library_dirs=['/usr/local/lib']
                )

请注意，-l 和 -L 不是必需的 - 由 distutils 处理。

为什么将它们添加到额外的编译标志不起作用？

构建扩展包括以下步骤：

编译器

linker

如您所见，最后一步需要库，但没有提供它们，因为它们是编译器标志的一部分。另一方面，这些库是在编译期间提供的，但在此阶段不需要。

【讨论】：

非常明确的答案，谢谢。在进一步查看the distutils.core.Extension 之后，我还发现了一个例子。在这与 glib 相关之后，由于 Ubuntu 18.04，我遇到了一个小问题，但这很容易通过执行 conda 更新来解决，如 here

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