使用继承 C++ 时的错误
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【中文标题】使用继承 C++ 时的错误【英文标题】：Errors when using inheritance C++ 【发布时间】：2013-12-06 02:50:20 【问题描述】：所以我有一个 3D tic tac toe 游戏，它运行良好的运行一个类。当我尝试创建另一个类并将我的 cpu() 函数放在那里时，我遇到了一些问题。用户可以输入他们的选择，它可以正常工作，但是一旦 cpu() 运行，屏幕上就会打印垃圾代码而不是 x、0 或数字，但网格显示正常。
我的一堂课
class TTT
public: //defines functions in class
void setup();
void display();
//void cpu();
void player();
void check(int);
protected: //sets variables only acessable in this class
int cp; //counts cpu points
int pp; //counts player points
char board[9]; //spots on board
char board2[9];
char board3[9];
char xo[2]; //xo[0] = comp ||| xo[1] = human
int rn; //picks who goes first
int won;//if game has been won or tied
int turn;//keeps track of whos turn
int rc;//random placement by cpu
int full;//tracks board to see if full
int b1f; //board is full?
int b2f;
int b3f;
;
我试着取出 cpu();函数并将其放置在继承第一个的新类中
class CPUClass : public TTT
public:
void cpu();
;
我的新 cpu();下面的函数
void CPUClass::cpu()
//stuff happens in here
当我调用 cpu();我使用的另一个函数中的函数
CPUClass cc;
cc.cpu();
当我需要在 cpu() 函数中调用 cpu() 函数时，我只使用 cpu();
用户离开后，我的板数组的值似乎为 null 或其他东西。
如果需要，我可以发布完整的源代码，但我尝试过总结
我是不是继承错了，是不是需要加个虚函数，有什么帮助就好了。
谢谢。
根据要求提供完整代码
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h> //seeding random
#include <windows.h> //allows for Sleep()
using namespace std;
class TTT
public: //defines functions in class
void setup();
void display();
void cpu();
void player();
void check(int);
protected: //sets variables only acessable in this class
int cp; //counts cpu points
int pp; //counts player points
char board[9]; //spots on board
char board2[9];
char board3[9];
char xo[2]; //xo[0] = comp ||| xo[1] = human
int rn; //picks who goes first
int won;//if game has been won or tied
int turn;//keeps track of whos turn
int rc;//random placement by cpu
int full;//tracks board to see if full
int b1f; //board is full?
int b2f;
int b3f;
;
class CPUClass : public TTT
void cpu();
;
class CPUClass2 : public TTT
//void cpu2();
;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
TTT ttt; //allows class to be acessable
cout << "Welcome to Tic-Tac-Toe!" << endl;
cout << "Three in a row wins [vertical, horizontal, diagonal]" << endl;
ttt.setup();//calls setup function in class TTT
void TTT::setup() //sets up board and all variables
won = 0; //game not won q = won/tied
full = 0; //9 = board is full
cp = 0;
pp =0;
b1f = 0;
b2f = 0;
b3f=0;
board[0] = '1'; //sets up the board
board[1] = '2';
board[2] = '3';
board[3] = '4';
board[4] = '5';
board[5] = '6';
board[6] = '7';
board[7] = '8';
board[8] = '9';
board2[0] = '1'; //sets up the board
board2[1] = '2';
board2[2] = '3';
board2[3] = '4';
board2[4] = '5';
board2[5] = '6';
board2[6] = '7';
board2[7] = '8';
board2[8] = '9';
board3[0] = '1'; //sets up the board
board3[1] = '2';
board3[2] = '3';
board3[3] = '4';
board3[4] = '5';
board3[5] = '6';
board3[6] = '7';
board3[7] = '8';
board3[8] = '9';
srand(time(NULL)); //seeds with clock
rn = (rand() %2);
if (rn == 0) //rnadom x and o and who goes first
turn = 0; // cpu goes first
xo[0] = 'x'; //comp = x
xo[1] = 'o'; //human = o
cout << "\nYou are 'O'" << endl;
else
turn = 1; //play goes first
xo[0] = 'o'; //comp = o
xo[1] = 'x'; // human = x
cout << "\nYou are 'X'" << endl;
display(); //sends to display function
void TTT::display()
cout << "" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) //for all spots on board
if ( (i+1) % 3 == 0 ) // ends dont get |
cout << board[i] << endl; //print number
else
cout << board[i] << " | "; //print number then border
cout << "" << endl;
cout << "\t";
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) //for all spots on board
if ( (i+1) % 3 == 0 ) // ends dont get |
cout << board2[i] << endl; //print number
cout << "\t";
else
cout << board2[i] << " | "; //print number then border
cout << "" << endl;
cout << "\t\t";
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) //for all spots on board
if ( (i+1) % 3 == 0 ) // ends dont get |
cout << board3[i] << endl; //print number
cout << "\t\t";
else
cout << board3[i] << " | "; //print number then border
cout << "" << endl;
CPUClass cc;
if (full == 27) //if board is full
check(won); //check if game has been won/tied
else
if (turn%2 == 0) //decides whos turn it is
player();
else
//Comp cpu;
cout << "Computer is moving" ;
cc.cpu();//cput starts turn
void TTT::player()
int w;
int p;
while (won != 1) //if no one has won loop
cout << "Which grid would you like to place your tile? [top=1 middle=2 bottom=3]" << endl;
cin>> p; //which layer user wants to place
if (p == 1)
cout << "Enter the tile number you wish to place your marker" << endl;
cin>>w; //in the layer of tile where to place
if ((board[w-1] == 'x') || (board[w-1] == 'o')) //checks if spot is open
cout << "\nSomeone has already placed there! Please select a different tile\n";
player();//loops back
else
board[w-1] = xo[1];//draws what player is (x or o) on tile picked
turn ++; //turn over
full ++; //add one to the board
b1f++;
display(); //go to display
else if (p == 2)
cout << "Enter the tile number you wish to place your marker" << endl;
cin>>w;
if ((board2[w-1] == 'x') || (board2[w-1] == 'o')) //checks if spot is open
cout << "\nSomeone has already placed there! Please select a different tile\n";
player();//loops back
else
board2[w-1] = xo[1];//draws what player is (x or o) on tile picked
turn ++; //turn over
full ++; //add one to the board
b2f++;
display(); //go to display
else if (p == 3)
cout << "Enter the tile number you wish to place your marker" << endl;
cin>>w;
if ((board3[w-1] == 'x') || (board3[w-1] == 'o')) //checks if spot is open
cout << "\nSomeone has already placed there! Please select a different tile\n";
player();//loops back
else
board3[w-1] = xo[1];//draws what player is (x or o) on tile picked
turn ++; //turn over
full ++; //add one to the board
b3f;
display(); //go to display
else
cout <<"Please select one of the options!\n\n" ;
player();
void TTT::cpu()
srand(time(NULL)); //seeds with clock
rc = (rand() %9); //8 spots on board 0-8
int bc;
if (b1f == 9) //if a board is filled pick another one
bc = 1+(rand() %2);
else if (b3f == 9)
bc = (rand() %2);
else if (b2f == 9)
bc = (rand() %2);
if (bc == 1)
bc = 2;
else
bc = (rand() %3); //else just randomly pick one
if (bc == 0)
if ((board[rc] == 'x' ) || ( board[rc] == 'o'))
Sleep(100); //seeded by time. So to prevent memory overflow pause before getting a new random number
cpu(); //loops and finds a new spot
else
turn++; //ends turn
full ++; //add one to board
b1f++;
board[rc] = xo[0]; // draw what cpu is on tile selected
Sleep(800); //sleeps for 800ms, gives more realistic playing
display(); //displays board
else if (bc == 1)
if ((board2[rc] == 'x' ) || ( board2[rc] == 'o'))
Sleep(100); //seeded by time. So to prevent memory overflow pause before getting a new random number
cpu(); //loops and finds a new spot
else
turn++; //ends turn
full ++; //add one to board
b2f++;
board2[rc] = xo[0]; // draw what cpu is on tile selected
Sleep(800); //sleeps for 800ms, gives more realistic playing
display(); //displays board
else if (bc == 2)
if ((board3[rc] == 'x' ) || ( board3[rc] == 'o'))
Sleep(100); //seeded by time. So to prevent memory overflow pause before getting a new random number
cpu(); //loops and finds a new spot
else
turn++; //ends turn
full ++; //add one to board
b3f++;
board3[rc] = xo[0]; // draw what cpu is on tile selected
Sleep(800); //sleeps for 800ms, gives more realistic playing
display(); //displays board
void TTT::check(int wo)
//horizontal win
if ((board[0] == 'x') && (board[1] == 'x') && (board[2] == 'x'))
if (rn == 0)
cp++;
else
pp++;
if ((board[6] == 'x') && (board2[4] == 'x') && (board3[2] == 'x'))
if (rn == 0)
cp++;
else
pp++;
////////////////more checking goes here, deleted because it's too long
wo =1;
cout << "\nGame Over!\n" ;
cout << "\nScore: Player - "<<pp<<" Computer - "<<cp<<"\n" ;
if (pp == cp) //if points are =
cout << "You tied!\n" ;
else if (pp > cp) //if player points are greater, player wins
cout << "You won!\n" ;
else if (pp < cp)
cout << "You lose!\n" ;
int c;
cout<<"\nPlay again? [1] for yes anything else to exit\n" ;
cin >> c;
if (c == 1) //if user enters 1 then reset the game
setup();
else//else exit
exit(0);
【问题讨论】：
好吧，你不告诉我们错误是什么，那我们怎么知道？是编译时错误还是运行时错误？ 我做到了，我说它玩得很好，但是一旦轮到 cpu()，电路板就会显示垃圾代码。没有其他错误。 你没有向我们展示你用来打印任何东西的代码，“垃圾代码”不一定有用。您似乎认为您的问题出在一件事上，并且给了我们很多代码，但还没有真正向任何人展示足够的东西来做出自己的诊断。当您无法自己解决问题时，您需要分享所有让您认为存在问题的内容，并让其他人根据事实做出自己的诊断，而不是基于您对可能错误的假设。 对不起，我在问我继承是否正确。添加完整代码CPUClass 和 CPUClass2 应该为您做什么？你没有正确地进行继承。
【参考方案1】：
继承是一种在你的主类之间建立“Is-a”关系的方法你创建一个TTT你的意思是实例化派生类CPUClass
TTT ttt; // Creates a tic tac toe board
CPUClass cc; // Creates a derived tic tac toe board
ttt 和 cc 互不相识，他们甚至不在同一个棋盘上玩。
也许您的意思是创建一个player 类并派生一个人机/计算机变体？
我认为继承在这里不会对您有所帮助。？我认为您需要的是 PvP PvC 和 CvC 的选项？
在display 循环中去掉新的板CPUClass 并使用我们所在的那个。
if (full == 27) //if board is full
check(won); //check if game has been won/tied
else
if (turn%2 == 0) //decides whos turn it is
player();
else
cpu(); //cput starts turn
// Should be this.
int currentPlayer= turn % 2;
if( playerIsCpu(currentPlayer) ) // create a function to return if this player is a cpu
cpu(currentPlayer); // cpu makes move for player 1..2
else
player( currentPlayer); // player 1..2 is presented with a move.
【讨论】：
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