纹理不填充图形 - OpenGL

Posted 2023-02-22

【中文标题】纹理不填充图形 - OpenGL

【英文标题】：Texture does not fill the figure - OpenGL

【发布时间】：2020-10-31 15:46:47

【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在整个窗口上显示图像。 为此，我只绘制了一个矩形，它占据了整个窗口并将其应用到纹理。

问题是图像根本没有填满整个屏幕： Output image

图像不是太小，因为它是 5600 x 3000。另外，我不希望图像重复。我没有错过什么，为什么它没有填满屏幕以及为什么它只在左上角。我已经尝试过这个解决方案，但它不起作用：Texture does not fit in the square - OpenGL

以下是我创建和绑定着色器的方法：

Shader::Shader(const char* vertSrcFile, const char* fragSrcFile, const char* texSrcFile) 
    GLuint vertShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    GLuint fragShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

    GLint vlen;
    GLint flen;
    char* source = loadFile(vertSrcFile, vlen);
    char* fragment = loadFile(fragSrcFile, flen);

    glShaderSource(vertShader, 1, &source, &vlen);
    glShaderSource(fragShader, 1, &fragment, &flen);

    GLint compiled = 0;
    glCompileShader(vertShader);
    glGetShaderiv(vertShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
    if (!compiled) 
        GLint maxLength = 0;
        glGetShaderiv(vertShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);

        // The maxLength includes the NULL character
        std::vector<GLchar> infoLog(maxLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &infoLog[0]);

        // We don't need the shader anymore.
        glDeleteShader(vertShader);

        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("Vertex shader compilation error");
        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("", infoLog.data());

        return;
    

    glCompileShader(fragShader);
    glGetShaderiv(fragShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
    if (!compiled) 
        GLint maxLength = 0;
        glGetShaderiv(fragShader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);

        // The maxLength includes the NULL character
        std::vector<GLchar> infoLog(maxLength);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragShader, maxLength, &maxLength, &infoLog[0]);

        // We don't need the shader anymore.
        glDeleteShader(fragShader);

        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("Fragment shader compilation error");
        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("", infoLog.data());

        return;
    

    prog = glCreateProgram();

    glAttachShader(prog, vertShader);
    glAttachShader(prog, fragShader);

    glLinkProgram(prog);
    GLint isLinked = 0;
    glGetProgramiv(prog, GL_LINK_STATUS, (int*)&isLinked);
    if (isLinked == GL_FALSE)
    
        GLint maxLength = 0;
        glGetProgramiv(prog, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);

        // The maxLength includes the NULL character
        std::vector<GLchar> infoLog(maxLength);
        glGetProgramInfoLog(prog, maxLength, &maxLength, &infoLog[0]);

        // We don't need the program anymore.
        glDeleteProgram(prog);
        // Don't leak shaders either.
        glDeleteShader(vertShader);
        glDeleteShader(fragShader);

        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("Program link error");
        Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("", infoLog.data());
        return;
    

    glDetachShader(prog, vertShader);
    glDetachShader(prog, fragShader);

    glGenTextures(1, &texID); // generate texture ID

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);

    LoadTexture(texSrcFile);

这是我将图像加载为纹理的方式：

void Shader::LoadTexture(const char* texSrcFile) const 
        int width, height, nrChannels;
        unsigned char* data = stbi_load(texSrcFile, &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
        if (data)
        
            glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
            glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        
        else
        
            Logger::GetSystemLogger()->error("Failed to load textures");
        
        stbi_image_free(data);
    

这是我的着色器： 片段：

#version 330
precision highp float; // needed only for version 1.30

layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_Color;

in vec2 ex_Tex;

uniform sampler2D textureUnit0;

void main(void)
    out_Color = texture(textureUnit0, ex_Tex);

顶点：

#version 330

layout (location = 0) in vec3 in_Position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 in_Tex;

out vec2 ex_Tex;

void main(void)
    gl_Position = vec4(in_Position, 1.0);
    
    ex_Tex = in_Tex;

主要代码如下：

glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_VAO);
glBindVertexArray(m_VAO);

glGenBuffers(1, &m_VBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_VBO);

GLfloat vertices[4 * 5]
      // Positions           // Textures
    -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,      0.0f, 0.0f,
     1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,       1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,       0.0f, 1.0f,
     1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,      1.0f, 0.0f
;

glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

// Position
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), nullptr);

// Texture coord
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), nullptr);

glGenBuffers(1, &m_IBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_IBO);

unsigned int indices[6] =  0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 3 ;
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

m_Shader = std::make_shared<Engine::Shader>("src/Shaders/Background.vert", "src/Shaders/Background.frag", "res/background.jpg");

这是主循环

while (m_Running) 
    // clear the screen and set the background color to grey
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    m_Shader->Bind();

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_Shader->GetTexID());
    glBindVertexArray(m_VAO);
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);

    m_Window->OnUpdate();

【参考方案1】：

虽然视口坐标从负一变为一[-1, 1)，但纹理坐标从零变为一[0,1)。因此，根据GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER 策略，您的视口的四分之三被黑色填充。

您需要按如下方式修复您的 VAO 坐标：

GLfloat vertices[4 * 5]
      // Positions           // Textures
    -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,     0.0f, 0.0f,
     1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,      1.0f, 1.0f,
    -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,      0.0f, 1.0f,
     1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,     1.0f, 0.0f
;

编辑：您的纹理坐标偏移也不正确。应该是：

// Texture coord
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));

如果没有适当的偏移，它会使用位置的 X 和 Y 作为纹理坐标。

【讨论】：

即使我放置了这些坐标，图像也不会完全填充。我没说（我的错），但我不希望图像重复并且 GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE 不适合屏幕

@Simon：你能说明当你使用我的答案中的纹理坐标时会发生什么吗？此外，如果您的纹理适合屏幕，则夹紧模式无关紧要。

嗯，它并没有改变任何东西，所以这和这张图片是一样的：i.stack.imgur.com/3vSGL.png

@Simon：哦，我发现了另一个问题（见编辑）。

这就是我现在看到的问题！非常感谢！