如何使用 C# 检测不存在的设备

Posted 2023-02-21

【中文标题】如何使用 C# 检测不存在的设备

【英文标题】：How to detect nonpresent devices using C#

【发布时间】：2014-12-17 03:07:53

【问题描述】：

我的程序（完全用 C# 编写）有一个用例，程序需要检测计算机中是否安装了特定的 USB 设备。在连接了 USB 设备的情况下，WMI 将解决这个问题。

但是，如果设备未连接（不存在的设备），那么 WMI 将无法提供帮助。我知道 setupdi 可能会帮助解决这个问题，但是我对 C++ 并不完全熟悉，并且由于符合现有代码部分，因此添加编组函数的额外工作非常重要。

因此我的问题是是否有等效的 c# 方法来检测系统中不存在的设备？我也试过注册表搜索的方法，但是驱动是HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\services\WinUSB下的通用USB驱动，并没有额外的信息可以用来识别USB驱动对应具体的设备我们感兴趣。

另一个可能的识别信息是设备管理器中驱动程序选项卡中的“驱动程序提供程序”信息。 usb 设备有相当具体的驱动程序提供者信息，可用于识别设备。但是我不知道现有的 API 来检索这些信息。

非常感谢您的帮助并期待任何可能的解决方案

【参考方案1】：

不知道这是否有帮助。这是我大约 7 年前写的一些 sn-ps 代码，从那以后就没有使用过 - 该项目被放弃了。不幸的是，整个 USB 接口大约有 700 行 C# - 太多了，无法在此处发布。

   /// <summary>
   /// This class represents a USB HID (Human Interface Device) device.
   /// </summary>
   public class UsbHidDevice : IDisposable
   

      // The Windows GUID for HID USB devices
      private Guid _deviceClass;

      // The full "path name" of the device (set when found)
      private string _devicePath;


      #region Constructor

      public UsbHidDevice()
      
         // Initialize the Windows GUID for HID devices
         Win32API.HidD_GetHidGuid(out _deviceClass);
      

      #endregion Constructor


      /// <summary>
      /// Function to search the USB devices to see if the desired one is online.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="vendorId">vendor ID, or zero if not significant</param>
      /// <param name="productId">product ID</param>
      public bool FindDevice(int vendorId, int productId)
      
         string strSearch;

         // Build the path search string
         if (vendorId == 0)
            strSearch = string.Format("pid_0:x4", productId);
         else
            strSearch = string.Format("vid_0:x4&pid_1:x4", vendorId, productId);

         // Prepare to search the USB device table in Windows
         // This gets a list of all HID devices currently connected to the computer (InfoSet)
         IntPtr hInfoSet = Win32API.SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref _deviceClass, null, IntPtr.Zero, Win32API.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | Win32API.DIGCF_PRESENT);

         try
         
            // Build up a device interface data block
            Win32API.DeviceInterfaceData oInterface = new Win32API.DeviceInterfaceData();
            oInterface.Size = Marshal.SizeOf(oInterface);

            // Now iterate through the InfoSet memory block assigned within Windows in the 
            //  call to SetupDiGetClassDevs to get device details for each device connected
            int nIndex = 0;

            // This gets the device interface information for a device at index 'nIndex' in the memory block
            while (Win32API.SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hInfoSet, 0, ref _deviceClass, (uint)nIndex, ref oInterface))
            
               // Get the device path (see helper method 'GetDevicePath')
               string strDevicePath = GetDevicePath(hInfoSet, ref oInterface);

               // Do a string search, if we find the VID/PID string then we found our device
               if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strDevicePath) && strDevicePath.IndexOf(strSearch) >= 0)
               
                  _devicePath = strDevicePath;
                  return true;
               

               // If we get here, we didn't find our device. So move on to the next one.
               log.Debug("FindDevice() - Incorrect device found, keep searching." + strDevicePath);
               nIndex++;
            
         

         catch (Exception e)
         
            log.Error("FindDevice() - Exception:", e);
         

         finally
         
            // Before we go, we have to free up the InfoSet memory reserved by SetupDiGetClassDevs
            Win32API.SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hInfoSet);
         

         // Device not found
         return false;
      

... other methods not included here
   


   /// <summary>
   /// Definition of some Windows API stuff.
   /// 
   /// This is copied from "A USB HID Component for C#" (also called "Sniffer"), By "wimar"
   ///  http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/USB_HID.aspx
   /// </summary>
   internal class Win32API
   
      // Used in SetupDiClassDevs to get devices present in the system
      public const int DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x02;

      // Used in SetupDiClassDevs to get device interface details
      public const int DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10;


      /// <summary>
      /// Provides details about a single USB device
      /// 
      /// The field "Reserved" has been changed from int to UIntPtr based on information on web page
      /// http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/USB_HID.aspx, see message "Does not work on 64 bit Vista?".
      /// </summary>
      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
      public struct DeviceInterfaceData
      
         public int Size;
         public Guid InterfaceClassGuid;
         public int Flags;
         public UIntPtr Reserved;
      


      /// <summary>
      /// Gets the GUID that Windows uses to represent HID class devices
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="gHid">An out parameter to take the Guid</param>
      [DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]
      public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(out Guid gHid);
      /// <summary>
      /// Allocates an InfoSet memory block within Windows that contains details of devices.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="gClass">Class guid (e.g. HID guid)</param>
      /// <param name="strEnumerator">Not used</param>
      /// <param name="hParent">Not used</param>
      /// <param name="nFlags">Type of device details required (DIGCF_ constants)</param>
      /// <returns>A reference to the InfoSet</returns>
      [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
      public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid gClass, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string strEnumerator, IntPtr hParent, uint nFlags);


      /// <summary>
      /// Gets the DeviceInterfaceData for a device from an InfoSet.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="lpDeviceInfoSet">InfoSet to access</param>
      /// <param name="nDeviceInfoData">Not used</param>
      /// <param name="gClass">Device class guid</param>
      /// <param name="nIndex">Index into InfoSet for device</param>
      /// <param name="oInterfaceData">DeviceInterfaceData to fill with data</param>
      /// <returns>True if successful, false if not (e.g. when index is passed end of InfoSet)</returns>
      [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
      public static extern bool SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr lpDeviceInfoSet, uint nDeviceInfoData, ref Guid gClass, uint nIndex, ref DeviceInterfaceData oInterfaceData);


      /// <summary>
      /// Frees InfoSet allocated in call to above.
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="lpInfoSet">Reference to InfoSet</param>
      /// <returns>true if successful</returns>
      [DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]
      public static extern int SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr lpInfoSet);

... other stuff missing
   

正如代码中的注释中提到的，这是基于此：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/18099/A-USB-HID-Component-for-C

我可能遗漏了一些需要的东西 - 请告诉我。

【讨论】：

感谢您的反馈，我已经使用 Win32API 实现了类似的东西。谢谢！

【参考方案2】：

        string ComputerName = "localhost";
        ManagementScope Scope;
        Scope = new ManagementScope(String.Format("\\\\0\\root\\CIMV2", ComputerName), null);

        Scope.Connect();

        string query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity Where ClassGuid = NULL";

        ObjectQuery Query = new ObjectQuery(query);

        ManagementObjectSearcher Searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(Scope, Query);

        foreach (ManagementObject WmiObject in Searcher.Get())
        
            textBox1.Text += WmiObject["Name"] + "\r\n";
        

【讨论】：

不要只在答案中发布代码。试着向提问者解释一下

特别是当 OP 声明“那么 WMI 将无法提供帮助”时。既然您的代码只是一个 WMI 查询，请解释为什么它会违背 OP 的期望。

感谢您提供可能有助于解决问题的代码，但一般来说，如果答案包含对代码的用途以及解决问题的原因的解释，则会更有帮助。跨度>