将 CTE 应用于递归查询

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【中文标题】将 CTE 应用于递归查询【英文标题】:Applying CTE for recursive queries 【发布时间】:2017-12-27 23:01:18 【问题描述】:

我正在尝试应用 CTE 和递归查询。数据库是 MariaDB 10.2 或更高版本。

业务规则如下:

    账户可以是控股或投资组合。 资产由一定数量的货币组成。 控股可以是活跃的也可以是不活跃的。 一个投资组合包含零个或多个账户,这些账户可以属于多个投资组合。 在确定投资组合的价值时,每个账户的总价值乘以“权重”因子。

我的架构如下(注意char用于id类型仅用于说明目的,但我真的会使用int):

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
  id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
  name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
  type ENUM('holding', 'portfolio') NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id))
ENGINE = InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS holdings (
  accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
  value DECIMAL(6,2) NOT NULL,
  active TINYINT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (accounts_id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_holdings_accounts
    FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
    REFERENCES accounts (id)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS portfolios (
  accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (accounts_id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_accounts1
    FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
    REFERENCES accounts (id)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS portfolios_has_accounts (
  portfolios_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
  accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
  weight DECIMAL(4,2) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (portfolios_id, accounts_id),
  INDEX fk_portfolios_has_accounts_accounts1_idx (accounts_id ASC),
  INDEX fk_portfolios_has_accounts_portfolios1_idx (portfolios_id ASC),
  CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_has_accounts_portfolios1
    FOREIGN KEY (portfolios_id)
    REFERENCES portfolios (accounts_id)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_has_accounts_accounts1
    FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
    REFERENCES accounts (id)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

样本数据如下:

INSERT INTO accounts(id,name,type) VALUES ('p1','portfolio1','portfolio'),('p2','portfolio2','portfolio'),('p3','portfolio3','portfolio'),('h1','holding1','holding'),('h2','holding2','holding'),('h3','holding3','holding'),('h4','holding4','holding');
INSERT INTO holdings(accounts_id,value,active) VALUES ('h1','50','1'),('h2','40','0'),('h3','70','1'),('h4','40','1');
INSERT INTO portfolios(accounts_id) VALUES ('p1'),('p2'),('p3');
INSERT INTO portfolios_has_accounts(portfolios_id,accounts_id,weight) VALUES ('p1','h1','1'),('p1','p2','0.5'),('p2','h2','2'),('p2','p3','1'),('p3','h3','2'),('p3','h4','0.5');

帐户

id  name        type
p1  portfolio1  portfolio
p2  portfolio2  portfolio
p3  portfolio3  portfolio
h1  holding1    holding
h2  holding2    holding
h3  holding3    holding
h4  holding4    holding

投资组合

portfolios_id
p1
p2
p3

持股

id value active
h1  50   1
h2  40   0
h3  70   1
h4  40   1

portfolios_has_accounts

portfolios_id   accounts_id weight
p1               h1         1
p1               p2         0.5
p2               h2         2
p2               p3         1
p3               h3         2
p3               h4         0.5

我的目标是找到:

    查找所有仅包含有效资产的账户。给定样本数据,它是 p3、h1、h3 和 h4。 p2 不包括在内,因为它包括未激活的 h2,而 p1 不包括在内,因为它包括 p2。

    投资组合 p1 的总价值。给定样本数据,为 170:1*50 + 0.5*( 2*40 + 1*( 2*70 + 0.5*40 ) )

    持股乘以得到投资组合 p1 总价值的常数。给定样本数据,它们如下(注意1*h1 + 1*h2 + 1*h3 + 0.25*h4 = 170)

.

id  weight
h1  1
h2  1
h3  1
h4  .25

我怎样才能做到这一点?

【问题讨论】:

您是否收到错误或只是错误的值? @RMH。错误。鉴于我目前使用with 的知识,如果我没有收到错误,我会感到惊讶。 我不知道 MariaDB,因此我不会把它当作 anwser(我不知道这是否可行)。在 SQL Server 中,您需要放置 ;在 de WITH 之前并声明列数。类似的东西: ;WITH RECURSIVE new_table (value, weight, accounts_id) as (your select) @RMH 看着mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/with,我认为语法有所不同。对于 SQL Server,是否始终需要 UNION? 不,没有必要。我看到了链接,您的代码似乎没问题! 【参考方案1】:

请评论这些是否应该以不同的方式完成,或者从性能的角度来看,它们是否有任何重大问题?

目标#1

MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
    ->     SELECT accounts_id FROM holdings WHERE active=0
    ->     UNION ALL
    ->     SELECT pha.portfolios_id
    ->     FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
    ->     INNER JOIN t ON t.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
    -> )
    -> SELECT a.* FROM accounts a
    -> LEFT OUTER JOIN t ON t.accounts_id=a.id
    -> WHERE t.accounts_id IS NULL;
+----+------------+-----------+
| id | name       | type      |
+----+------------+-----------+
| h1 | holding1   | holding   |
| h3 | holding3   | holding   |
| h4 | holding4   | holding   |
| p3 | portfolio3 | portfolio |
+----+------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

目标 #2

MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
    -> SELECT pha.*, h.value
    -> FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
    -> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
    -> WHERE pha.portfolios_id="p1"
    -> UNION ALL
    -> SELECT pha.portfolios_id, pha.accounts_id, pha.weight*t.weight, h.value
    -> FROM t
    -> INNER JOIN portfolios_has_accounts pha ON pha.portfolios_id=t.accounts_id
    -> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
    -> )
    -> SELECT SUM(weight*value) FROM t WHERE value IS NOT NULL;
+-------------------+
| SUM(weight*value) |
+-------------------+
| 170.0000          |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

目标#3

MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
    -> SELECT pha.*, h.value
    -> FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
    -> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
    -> WHERE pha.portfolios_id="p1"
    -> UNION ALL
    -> SELECT pha.portfolios_id, pha.accounts_id, pha.weight*t.weight, h.value
    -> FROM t
    -> INNER JOIN portfolios_has_accounts pha ON pha.portfolios_id=t.accounts_id
    -> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
    -> )
    -> SELECT accounts_id, weight FROM t WHERE value IS NOT NULL;
+-------------+--------+
| accounts_id | weight |
+-------------+--------+
| h1          | 1.00   |
| h2          | 1.00   |
| h3          | 1.00   |
| h4          | 0.25   |
+-------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [recursion]>

【讨论】:

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