将 CTE 应用于递归查询
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【中文标题】将 CTE 应用于递归查询【英文标题】:Applying CTE for recursive queries 【发布时间】:2017-12-27 23:01:18 【问题描述】:我正在尝试应用 CTE 和递归查询。数据库是 MariaDB 10.2 或更高版本。
业务规则如下:
-
账户可以是控股或投资组合。
资产由一定数量的货币组成。
控股可以是活跃的也可以是不活跃的。
一个投资组合包含零个或多个账户,这些账户可以属于多个投资组合。
在确定投资组合的价值时,每个账户的总价值乘以“权重”因子。
我的架构如下(注意char
用于id类型仅用于说明目的,但我真的会使用int
):
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
type ENUM('holding', 'portfolio') NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id))
ENGINE = InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS holdings (
accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
value DECIMAL(6,2) NOT NULL,
active TINYINT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (accounts_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_holdings_accounts
FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
REFERENCES accounts (id)
ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS portfolios (
accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (accounts_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_accounts1
FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
REFERENCES accounts (id)
ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS portfolios_has_accounts (
portfolios_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
accounts_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
weight DECIMAL(4,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (portfolios_id, accounts_id),
INDEX fk_portfolios_has_accounts_accounts1_idx (accounts_id ASC),
INDEX fk_portfolios_has_accounts_portfolios1_idx (portfolios_id ASC),
CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_has_accounts_portfolios1
FOREIGN KEY (portfolios_id)
REFERENCES portfolios (accounts_id)
ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
CONSTRAINT fk_portfolios_has_accounts_accounts1
FOREIGN KEY (accounts_id)
REFERENCES accounts (id)
ON DELETE NO ACTION
ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;
样本数据如下:
INSERT INTO accounts(id,name,type) VALUES ('p1','portfolio1','portfolio'),('p2','portfolio2','portfolio'),('p3','portfolio3','portfolio'),('h1','holding1','holding'),('h2','holding2','holding'),('h3','holding3','holding'),('h4','holding4','holding');
INSERT INTO holdings(accounts_id,value,active) VALUES ('h1','50','1'),('h2','40','0'),('h3','70','1'),('h4','40','1');
INSERT INTO portfolios(accounts_id) VALUES ('p1'),('p2'),('p3');
INSERT INTO portfolios_has_accounts(portfolios_id,accounts_id,weight) VALUES ('p1','h1','1'),('p1','p2','0.5'),('p2','h2','2'),('p2','p3','1'),('p3','h3','2'),('p3','h4','0.5');
帐户
id name type
p1 portfolio1 portfolio
p2 portfolio2 portfolio
p3 portfolio3 portfolio
h1 holding1 holding
h2 holding2 holding
h3 holding3 holding
h4 holding4 holding
投资组合
portfolios_id
p1
p2
p3
持股
id value active
h1 50 1
h2 40 0
h3 70 1
h4 40 1
portfolios_has_accounts
portfolios_id accounts_id weight
p1 h1 1
p1 p2 0.5
p2 h2 2
p2 p3 1
p3 h3 2
p3 h4 0.5
我的目标是找到:
查找所有仅包含有效资产的账户。给定样本数据,它是 p3、h1、h3 和 h4。 p2 不包括在内,因为它包括未激活的 h2,而 p1 不包括在内,因为它包括 p2。
投资组合 p1 的总价值。给定样本数据,为 170:1*50 + 0.5*( 2*40 + 1*( 2*70 + 0.5*40 ) )
持股乘以得到投资组合 p1 总价值的常数。给定样本数据,它们如下(注意1*h1 + 1*h2 + 1*h3 + 0.25*h4 = 170)
.
id weight
h1 1
h2 1
h3 1
h4 .25
我怎样才能做到这一点?
【问题讨论】:
您是否收到错误或只是错误的值? @RMH。错误。鉴于我目前使用with
的知识,如果我没有收到错误,我会感到惊讶。
我不知道 MariaDB,因此我不会把它当作 anwser(我不知道这是否可行)。在 SQL Server 中,您需要放置 ;在 de WITH 之前并声明列数。类似的东西: ;WITH RECURSIVE new_table (value, weight, accounts_id) as (your select)
@RMH 看着mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/with,我认为语法有所不同。对于 SQL Server,是否始终需要 UNION?
不,没有必要。我看到了链接,您的代码似乎没问题!
【参考方案1】:
请评论这些是否应该以不同的方式完成,或者从性能的角度来看,它们是否有任何重大问题?
目标#1
MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
-> SELECT accounts_id FROM holdings WHERE active=0
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT pha.portfolios_id
-> FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
-> INNER JOIN t ON t.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
-> )
-> SELECT a.* FROM accounts a
-> LEFT OUTER JOIN t ON t.accounts_id=a.id
-> WHERE t.accounts_id IS NULL;
+----+------------+-----------+
| id | name | type |
+----+------------+-----------+
| h1 | holding1 | holding |
| h3 | holding3 | holding |
| h4 | holding4 | holding |
| p3 | portfolio3 | portfolio |
+----+------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
目标 #2
MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
-> SELECT pha.*, h.value
-> FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
-> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
-> WHERE pha.portfolios_id="p1"
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT pha.portfolios_id, pha.accounts_id, pha.weight*t.weight, h.value
-> FROM t
-> INNER JOIN portfolios_has_accounts pha ON pha.portfolios_id=t.accounts_id
-> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
-> )
-> SELECT SUM(weight*value) FROM t WHERE value IS NOT NULL;
+-------------------+
| SUM(weight*value) |
+-------------------+
| 170.0000 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
目标#3
MariaDB [recursion]> WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
-> SELECT pha.*, h.value
-> FROM portfolios_has_accounts pha
-> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
-> WHERE pha.portfolios_id="p1"
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT pha.portfolios_id, pha.accounts_id, pha.weight*t.weight, h.value
-> FROM t
-> INNER JOIN portfolios_has_accounts pha ON pha.portfolios_id=t.accounts_id
-> LEFT OUTER JOIN holdings h ON h.accounts_id=pha.accounts_id
-> )
-> SELECT accounts_id, weight FROM t WHERE value IS NOT NULL;
+-------------+--------+
| accounts_id | weight |
+-------------+--------+
| h1 | 1.00 |
| h2 | 1.00 |
| h3 | 1.00 |
| h4 | 0.25 |
+-------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [recursion]>
【讨论】:
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